Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because an Ileostomy involves diverting the small intestine to an opening in the abdominal wall, so the urine will not be affected. The pouch collects waste from the small intestine. Nasogastric tube (B) is not typically required for an Ileostomy. Laparoscope (C) is used for visualizing the abdomen, not the bowel. Drinking liquids (D) so soon after surgery can be risky and is not recommended.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a lack of response to intradermal anergy testing suggests an inability to mount a normal delayed-type hypersensitivity response, indicating immunodeficiency. This could be due to conditions such as HIV, which impairs cell-mediated immunity. Choice A is incorrect because absence of reaction does not necessarily indicate lack of previous exposure to antigens. Choice B is incorrect as the absence of response doesn't confirm the presence of antibodies. Choice D is incorrect because anergy testing is not used to assess allergy, but rather to evaluate cell-mediated immunity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Right ventricular hypertrophy. Elevated pulmonary vascular pressures lead to increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation, causing the right ventricle to work harder to pump blood to the lungs. Over time, this can result in hypertrophy of the right ventricle as it adapts to the increased workload. Left atrial atrophy (A) and right atrial atrophy (C) are unlikely as the atria are not directly affected by elevated pulmonary pressures. Left ventricular hypertrophy (B) is not the correct choice as it typically occurs in response to systemic hypertension, not pulmonary hypertension.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it addresses the specific nursing intervention needed to prepare Mr. RR for the brain scanning test. By explaining to Mr. RR that the test will not be painful and that his head will be supported in place, the nurse helps alleviate any potential anxiety or fear he may have. This information reassures the patient and ensures his cooperation during the procedure. Choice A is incorrect because discontinuing anticonvulsant therapy without medical approval could have serious consequences for Mr. RR's health. Choice B is also incorrect as obtaining consent is important, but it is not directly related to preparing Mr. RR for the test. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces potential negative outcomes without providing necessary information to prepare the patient for the test.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because involving the client and family in developing outcomes promotes patient-centered care and increases the likelihood of achieving successful outcomes. This approach fosters collaboration, shared decision-making, and empowers the client and family in their own care. It also helps to ensure that the outcomes align with the client's values, preferences, and goals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because focusing solely on nursing goals without considering the client's perspective may lead to a lack of engagement and poor outcomes. Discouraging input from other healthcare providers limits the interdisciplinary approach to care, and focusing on why the nurse believes the outcome is important neglects the client's role in the decision-making process.