ATI RN
Biological Basis of Behavior Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nurse Bea is assessing a male client with heart failure. The breath sounds commonly auscultated in clients with heart failure are:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fine crackles. In heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs, causing fine crackles on auscultation. Tracheal breath sounds (A) are normal and heard over the trachea. Coarse crackles (C) are associated with conditions like pneumonia, not heart failure. Friction rubs (D) are typically heard in conditions like pericarditis, not heart failure. Therefore, the presence of fine crackles is a key indicator of fluid overload in the lungs, which is common in heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
Honey, a 23-year old client complains of substernal chest pain and states that her heart feels like "it's racing out of the chest". She reports no history of cardiac disorders. The nurse attaches her to a cardiac monitor and notes sinus tachycardia with a rate of 136beats/minutes. Breath sounds are clear and the respiratory rate is 26 breaths/minutes. Which of the following drugs should the nurse question the client about using?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cocaine. Cocaine is a potent stimulant drug that can cause symptoms such as substernal chest pain, palpitations, and sinus tachycardia. Given the client's presentation of chest pain and racing heart, along with the absence of cardiac history, cocaine use should be considered and questioned. Barbiturates (A), opioids (B), and benzodiazepines (D) are less likely to cause sinus tachycardia and substernal chest pain compared to cocaine. It is important to focus on cocaine as a potential cause in this scenario due to its known cardiovascular effects.
Question 3 of 5
A male client suspected of having colorectal cancer will require which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sigmoidoscopy. This diagnostic study is used to visualize the lower part of the colon and rectum, allowing for direct visualization of any abnormal growths or masses. It is an essential tool for diagnosing colorectal cancer as it can detect polyps or tumors. Stool Hematest (A) is used to detect blood in the stool but does not confirm the diagnosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (B) is a tumor marker that can be elevated in colorectal cancer but is not diagnostic by itself. Abdominal CT scan (D) can provide detailed images of the abdomen but is not as specific for diagnosing colorectal cancer as sigmoidoscopy.
Question 4 of 5
Heberden's nodes are a common sign of osteoarthritis. Which of the following statement is correct about this deformity?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It appears on the distal interphalangeal joint. Heberden's nodes are bony enlargements that occur at the distal interphalangeal joints, which are the joints closest to the fingertips. The nodes are a common sign of osteoarthritis in the fingers. They do not appear only in men (choice A), they do not appear on the proximal interphalangeal joint (choice C), and they do not appear on the dorsolateral aspect of the interphalangeal joint (choice D). The key to identifying Heberden's nodes is their location at the distal interphalangeal joint.
Question 5 of 5
A female client tells nurse Nikki that she has been working hard for the last 3 months to control her type 2 diabetes mellitus with diet and exercise. To determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: glycosylated hemoglobin level. This test provides an average of blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, reflecting the client's long-term glycemic control. It is a better indicator of overall diabetes management compared to other options. Urine glucose level (A) only provides a snapshot of glucose levels at the time of testing and is not a reliable long-term measure. Fasting blood glucose level (B) gives a point-in-time reading and may not reflect overall control. Serum fructosamine level (C) reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 weeks, which is shorter than the timeframe needed to assess the client's 3-month efforts.