Nurse Angelo is attending for a child with Cushing's syndrome; which of the following nursing interventions would be most necessary?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a child with Cushing's syndrome, excessive levels of cortisol are present in the body. Cortisol can lead to hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (elevated heart rate). Therefore, closely monitoring vital signs for signs of hypertension and tachycardia is essential for early detection and management of these potential complications. Prompt identification and treatment of these cardiovascular issues can help prevent further complications and ensure the child's well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS), and right ventricular hypertrophy. In tetralogy of Fallot, these defects are present: 1. Ventricular septal defect: This is a hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart, allowing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 2. Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect, receiving blood from both ventricles. 3. Pulmonic stenosis (PS): Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery, leading to decreased blood flow to the lungs. 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy: The right ventricle becomes enlarged due to the increased workload of pumping blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve. Option A is incorrect as it describes transposition of the great arteries, not tetralogy of Fallot. Option C lists defects associated with other heart conditions like coarctation of aorta and aortic valve stenosis. Option D describes a different heart defect known as tricuspid atresia. Understanding these specific defects in tetralogy of Fallot is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with congenital heart conditions. Recognizing these abnormalities helps in providing appropriate nursing care, monitoring for complications, and educating families on managing their child's condition effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Immunization of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine decreases the incidence of severe infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B bacteria, including epiglottitis. Epiglottitis is a serious condition where the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that sits at the base of the tongue, becomes inflamed and can swell, potentially blocking the airway and leading to respiratory distress and even death. By vaccinating children against Hib, the risk of developing epiglottitis is significantly reduced. The Hib vaccine is a crucial component of childhood immunization programs to prevent life-threatening diseases caused by Hib bacteria, including epiglottitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rickets is a condition that involves softening and weakening of the bones in children, usually due to a vitamin D deficiency, inadequate calcium intake, or lack of exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body is unable to properly mineralize the bones, leading to softening and deformities. Common symptoms of rickets include bowed legs, delayed growth, and muscle weakness. Treatment typically involves vitamin D supplementation, dietary changes, and adequate exposure to sunlight.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, also known as Perthes disease, is a condition where there is a temporary loss of blood supply to the hip, leading to the breakdown of the hip joint. While in severe cases amputation may be considered as a treatment option, it is important to reassure the parents that not all children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease require amputation. The course of treatment will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual child's response to different therapies. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize that amputation is not the automatic outcome for all cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Encouraging the parents to discuss their concerns with the healthcare provider can provide more specific information and guidance tailored to their child's condition.