ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorder Questions
Question 1 of 5
Normally, most people sleep at night. What is the physiological rationale?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the master biological clock, known as the circadian rhythm, responds to darkness by signaling the release of melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production increases in response to darkness, signaling the body that it is time to sleep. This process is crucial for maintaining a regular sleep pattern. B: Darkness actually stimulates the release of melatonin, not histamine, to promote sleep. C: Cooler temperatures may contribute to better sleep, but it is the response to darkness, not temperature, that primarily triggers sleep. D: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, which is not conducive to sleep.
Question 2 of 5
A patient experiencing primary insomnia asks the nurse, I take a nap during the day. Doesn't that make up for a lost night's sleep? Select the nurse's best reply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Circadian drives refer to the body's internal clock regulating sleep-wake cycles. 2. Daytime naps disrupt this cycle, affecting the quality of nighttime sleep. 3. Nighttime sleep is essential for complete restorative functions like deep sleep stages. 4. Daytime naps may not provide the same physiological benefits as nighttime sleep. 5. Thus, the nurse's response highlights the structural differences between daytime naps and nighttime sleep, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing nighttime sleep for optimal rest and restoration. Summary: - Option B: While the body clock operates on a 24-hour cycle, it doesn't address the structural differences in sleep quality between daytime naps and nighttime sleep. - Option C: Habit and expectation are factors, but the physiological differences between daytime naps and nighttime sleep are more crucial. - Option D: While melatonin aids sleep, the focus here is on the structural differences between daytime naps and nighttime sleep.
Question 3 of 5
Which neurotransmitters are most responsible for wakefulness? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness by promoting alertness and arousal. It is released in response to stress or excitement, helping to keep the brain awake and focused. GABA (A) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleep. Acetylcholine (C) is involved in various cognitive functions but not specifically wakefulness. Dopamine (D) is more associated with motivation and reward processing rather than wakefulness. In summary, norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for wakefulness due to its role in promoting alertness and arousal.
Question 4 of 5
A 15-year-old ran away from home six times and was arrested for shoplifting. The parents told the Court, 'We can't manage our teenager.' The adolescent is physically abusive to the mother and defiant with the father. Which diagnosis is supported by this adolescent's behavior?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Conduct Disorder (CD). The given scenario describes a pattern of persistent behavior that violates the rights of others and societal norms, such as running away, shoplifting, and being physically abusive. CD is characterized by aggression, rule-breaking, and disregard for others' feelings and rights. This diagnosis aligns with the adolescent's behavior of being defiant and physically abusive towards the parents. ADHD (A) primarily involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are not the primary features displayed in this case. PTSD (B) results from exposure to traumatic events, which are not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (C) involves recurrent behavioral outbursts, often involving aggression, that are out of proportion to the situation, which does not fully capture the range of behaviors exhibited by the adolescent in this case.
Question 5 of 5
A 12-year-old has engaged in bullying for several years. The parents say, 'We can't believe anything our child says.' Recently this child shot a dog with a pellet gun and set fire to a neighbor's trash bin. The child's behaviors support the diagnosis of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is D: Conduct Disorder (CD). This diagnosis is supported by the persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviors exhibited by the child, such as bullying, animal cruelty, and property destruction. These behaviors are characteristic of CD, which involves violating the rights of others and societal norms. ADHD (A) primarily involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, not deliberate acts of aggression. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (B) is characterized by sudden episodes of aggressive outbursts, which do not fully capture the chronic and intentional nature of the child's behavior. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (C) involves defiance and hostility towards authority figures but does not fully encompass the severity and range of antisocial behaviors exhibited by the child.