Normal Heart

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric cardiovascular nursing, understanding the normal functioning of the heart is crucial. Option B, "During tachycardia diastolic time reduced than systolic time," is the correct answer. This statement accurately reflects the physiological response during tachycardia where the heart rate increases, leading to a decrease in diastolic time compared to systolic time. This alteration in the cardiac cycle can impact cardiac output and the overall efficiency of the heart's pumping action. Option A, "Ventricular septal depolarization occurs from Lt ï‚® Rt," is incorrect because the direction of ventricular septal depolarization is typically from the right ventricle to the left ventricle. This sequential depolarization allows for coordinated contraction of the ventricles to facilitate efficient blood ejection. In an educational context, this question serves to assess the understanding of pediatric cardiovascular physiology and the implications of tachycardia on cardiac function. By selecting the correct answer, students demonstrate knowledge of the relationship between heart rate and diastolic time, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balance in the cardiac cycle for optimal cardiac performance in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is crucial for providing safe and effective care to young patients. The correct answer, "B) Adenosine helpful in management," is the most appropriate option. Adenosine is a common medication used to treat SVT by slowing down the heart rate and restoring normal sinus rhythm. This intervention is effective and commonly used in clinical practice. Option A, "A) HR . 220 /min," is incorrect as a heart rate of 220 beats per minute is extremely high and indicative of SVT, but it does not offer a management strategy. Option C, "C) Beat to beat variation is not present," is incorrect because in SVT, there is typically a regular, rapid heart rate without beat-to-beat variation. Option D, "D) Valsalva maneuver is a treatment method," is incorrect because while the Valsalva maneuver can be attempted as a vagal maneuver to try and slow down the heart rate in some cases of SVT, it is not a definitive treatment method and adenosine is usually preferred. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be familiar with the management of SVT in children, including the use of adenosine. Understanding the appropriate interventions for SVT can help nurses provide timely and effective care, ensuring positive outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and pharmacology, understanding congenital complete heart block is crucial. The correct answer, option B - SLE mother's child, is the most appropriate choice because congenital complete heart block can be associated with maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This autoimmune condition can lead to the development of autoantibodies that cross the placenta and affect the fetal heart's electrical conduction system, resulting in complete heart block. Option A - Corrected TGA (transposition of the great arteries) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to congenital complete heart block. Option C - Prolonged QT syndrome is also incorrect as it pertains to a different cardiac condition characterized by a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram. Option D - MgSO4 therapy to the mother is unrelated to congenital complete heart block and is typically used for conditions like preeclampsia. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the potential maternal factors that can contribute to congenital heart block in infants. It underscores the need for nurses to assess and monitor infants born to mothers with autoimmune conditions like SLE to provide appropriate care and interventions. Understanding these connections is essential for pediatric nurses caring for infants with congenital heart conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding cardiovascular conditions like coarctation of the aorta is essential for providing safe and effective care to young patients. In this case, the correct answer is option C: "Radio femoral delay is a feature." This is because coarctation of the aorta often presents with a characteristic finding of delayed or diminished pulse in the femoral artery compared to the radial artery. Option A, "Associated with Turner's syndrome," is incorrect because although Turner's syndrome is associated with various cardiovascular anomalies, it is not directly linked to coarctation of the aorta. Option B, "Commonest is preductal type," is incorrect as coarctation of the aorta is more commonly seen in the postductal type. Option D, "Systolic BP in lower limb is higher than in upper limb," is incorrect because in coarctation of the aorta, there is typically higher blood pressure in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities due to the obstruction in the aorta. Educationally, understanding the characteristic clinical manifestations of coarctation of the aorta, such as radio femoral delay, helps nurses and healthcare providers in early recognition, timely intervention, and appropriate management of this condition in pediatric patients. Recognition of these key features can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of care for children with congenital heart defects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular pharmacology, the correct initial treatment choice for a symptomatic patient with isolated pulmonic stenosis is balloon catheter valvuloplasty (Option C). This intervention involves using a balloon catheter to dilate the stenotic pulmonary valve, improving blood flow through the pulmonary artery. Option A, closed surgical blade valvotomy, and Option B, open surgical valvotomy, involve surgical procedures that are more invasive and carry higher risks compared to the less invasive balloon catheter valvuloplasty. In pediatric patients, less invasive approaches are preferred whenever possible to minimize risks and promote faster recovery. Option D, Blalock-Taussig shunt, is not the initial treatment of choice for isolated pulmonic stenosis. A Blalock-Taussig shunt is typically used in patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects to increase pulmonary blood flow. Understanding the appropriate initial treatment for pediatric patients with cardiovascular conditions like pulmonic stenosis is crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Balloon catheter valvuloplasty is a safe and effective intervention that can significantly improve the symptoms and outcomes of children with isolated pulmonic stenosis, making it the preferred choice in this scenario.