ATI RN
Urinary System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Normal blood pH range for adults is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal adult blood pH is 7.35-7.45 tightly regulated (e.g., bicarbonate buffer). 7.45-7.8 is alkalosis abnormal. 6.8-7.35 includes acidosis too broad. 6.8-6.8 is lethal false. Narrow range distinguishes it, critical for homeostasis, unlike wide or extreme ranges.
Question 2 of 5
The functional unit of the kidney is called the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron (filtration to urine formation) is the kidney's functional unit not glomerulus (filtration site), ureter (transport), or Bowman's capsule (nephron part). This identifies the kidney's workhorse, critical for physiology, contrasting with its parts.
Question 3 of 5
The loop of Henle is responsible for:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The loop of Henle concentrates urine via water (descending) and Na+ (ascending) reabsorption not filtration (glomerulus), hormones (endocrine), or digestion (gut). This defines its role, key for osmolarity, contrasting with other functions.
Question 4 of 5
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: UTIs are bacterial (E. coli common) not viral, fungal (rare), or dietary. This identifies primary cause, key for treatment, contrasting with less common etiologies.
Question 5 of 5
Which hormone increases sodium retention and blood pressure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aldosterone retains Na+, raising BP not insulin (glucose), thyroxine (metabolism), or oxytocin (labor). This specifies RAAS role, key for volume control, contrasting with unrelated hormones.