Normal age-related changes for the respiratory system include

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lung strength decreases. As people age, their lung tissue becomes less elastic, chest wall muscles weaken, and lung function decreases. This results in reduced lung strength and capacity. Choice B is incorrect because aging causes the airways to become less elastic, not more elastic. Choice C is incorrect as aging can lead to a weaker cough reflex due to decreased muscle strength. Choice D is incorrect because with age, lung function decreases, leading to lower oxygen levels in the blood, not an increase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Validation therapy. This therapy is based on empathetic communication to validate the emotions and feelings of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who may have difficulty distinguishing past and present. By acknowledging and respecting their feelings, validation therapy helps individuals feel heard and understood, reducing distress and anxiety. A: Reality orientation focuses on helping individuals with AD stay oriented to the present time, place, and person. C: Reminiscence therapy involves recalling past events to promote cognitive function and emotional well-being. D: Remotivation therapy aims to restore motivation and engagement in activities through positive reinforcement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malignant. A malignant tumor is cancerous because it can invade nearby tissues, spread to other parts of the body, and can be life-threatening if not treated. Benign tumors (choice B) are non-cancerous and do not spread. Opportunistic (choice A) refers to infections that take advantage of weakened immune systems, not tumors. Ballistic (choice D) is unrelated to tumors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because not drinking fluids before surgery helps prevent vomiting and aspiration. This is crucial to reduce the risk of complications during surgery, such as aspiration pneumonia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because drinking more fluids, incontinence risk, and surgery success rate are not valid reasons for restricting fluids before surgery. It is important to follow pre-operative guidelines to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because assistive devices are specifically designed to help individuals perform daily activities independently. These devices aid in tasks such as dressing, grooming, eating, and mobility. They enhance the quality of life for individuals with physical limitations. Choice A is incorrect because handwashing does not typically require assistive devices. Choice C is incorrect as assistive devices are not intended for roommate adaptation. Choice D is incorrect because wheelchairs are a specific type of assistive device, but the question is asking for the general purpose of assistive devices.