ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nonselective adrenergic blocking agents have a variety of therapeutic uses. Which agent is used for the treatment of heart failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carvedilol is available orally and is used to treat hypertension as well as congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. Sotalol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and to maintain normal sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent used for treatment of hypertension, angina, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) induced palpitations, angina and syncope, some cardiac arrhythmias induced by catecholamines or digoxin, pheochromocytoma; prevention of reinfarction after myocardial infarction; prophylaxis for migraine headache (which may be caused by vasodilation and is relieved by vasoconstriction, although the exact action is not clearly understood); prevention of stage fright (which is a sympathetic stress reaction to a particular situation); and treatment of essential tremors. Tamsulosin is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and is an alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agent.
Question 2 of 5
Some drugs are excreted into bile and delivered to the intestines. Prior to elimination from the body, the drug may be absorbed. This process is known as:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enterohepatic cycling refers to the process where drugs excreted into bile are delivered to the intestines and then reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This recycling can prolong the drug's presence in the body and its therapeutic effects. Hepatic clearance and total clearance refer to the liver's ability to remove drugs from the bloodstream, while the first-pass effect involves the metabolism of drugs before they reach systemic circulation. Enterohepatic cycling is a unique mechanism that impacts drug pharmacokinetics.
Question 3 of 5
Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) is given to a pregnant woman after delivery and the nurse is giving information to the patient about the indication of the medication. The nurse determines that the patient understands the purpose of the medication if the patient tells that it will protect her baby from which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) is administered to Rh-negative mothers to prevent Rh incompatibility in future pregnancies. It works by preventing the mother's immune system from developing antibodies against Rh-positive fetal blood cells, which could harm subsequent Rh-positive babies. Pernicious anemia and German measles are unrelated to RhoGAM. The medication does not affect the baby's blood type but prevents the mother's immune response. Therefore, Rh incompatibility is the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 60-year-old woman has ulcerative colitis resistant to aminosalicylates and topical corticosteroids. It is decided to treat her with systemic corticosteroids. Which of the following is not a likely complication of the treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) for ulcerative colitis cause side effects. Osteoporosis results from reduced bone formation over time. Diabetes stems from glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Hypertension occurs via sodium retention and vasoconstriction. Mood changes are common due to CNS effects. Weight loss isn't typical; corticosteroids cause weight gain from increased appetite and fat redistribution, making it the exception. This reflects their metabolic impact, requiring monitoring in chronic use.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding opioids:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have an immature blood-brain barrier, increasing opioid penetration, not blocking it, so that's false. Spinal analgesia involves mu, delta, and kappa receptors, not just one type, making that false. Depressed CO2 response is the most reliable sign of opioid-induced respiratory depression, a true statement, reflecting medullary suppression. Tolerance to miosis develops minimally, unlike analgesia, so that's false. Addison's patients are hypersensitive to opioids due to cortisol lack. The CO2 response is a key monitoring parameter in opioid overdose.