ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
Noninvasive diagnostic procedures used to determine kidney function include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal ultrasound. Renal ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure commonly used to assess kidney function by visualizing the size, shape, and structure of the kidneys. It can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or cysts. A: Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) is an imaging test that provides information on the size and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder but does not directly assess kidney function. B: X-ray can show the outline of the kidneys but is not specific for evaluating kidney function. D: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a more detailed imaging technique that can provide information about kidney structure but is not typically used as a first-line diagnostic tool for routine kidney function assessment.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these situations happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF increases. This creates an osmotic gradient for water to move from the ICF to the ECF through osmosis, in an attempt to balance the osmolarity between the two compartments. This results in an increase in the volume of the ECF and a decrease in the volume of the ICF. Choices B and C are incorrect because the ECF becomes more concentrated, not dilute, and the osmolarity of the ECF increases instead of dropping. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct relationship between water loss from the ECF and an increase in the volume of the ICF.
Question 3 of 5
When does the amount of H+ generated from CO2 increase?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when the rate of CO2 removal by the lungs is less than the rate of CO2 production by the tissues, more CO2 accumulates in the body. This excess CO2 leads to an increase in carbonic acid formation, which then dissociates into H+ ions and bicarbonate ions. Therefore, the amount of H+ generated from CO2 increases in this scenario. Choice A is incorrect because protein catabolism and anabolism are not directly related to the generation of H+ from CO2. Choice B is incorrect as a slower rate of protein catabolism compared to anabolism does not impact CO2 levels and H+ generation. Choice C is incorrect because a higher rate of CO2 removal by the lungs would lead to a decrease in CO2 levels, resulting in less H+ generation.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed with a brain tumor that cannot be removed surgically. During each office visit, the nurse will be assessing the patient for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following assessments would alert the clinic nurse that the patient may be developing this complication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complaints that his urine output is decreased, no edema noted in ankles, and increasing headache. Rationale: 1. Decreased urine output: SIADH leads to water retention, causing decreased urine output. 2. No edema in ankles: SIADH causes dilutional hyponatremia, not fluid overload like in other conditions causing edema. 3. Increasing headache: Due to cerebral edema from water retention, a common symptom of SIADH. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Elevated blood glucose levels, dry mucous membranes, and severe projectile vomiting - These are not typical signs of SIADH. C: Fever, diarrhea, and nausea - These symptoms are not specific to SIADH. D: Muscle cramps, pins and needles sensation around the mouth/lips, and unexplained bruising - These are not characteristic symptoms of SIADH.
Question 5 of 5
An ECG technician is performing an ECG on a hospital patient who has developed hypokalemia secondary to diuretic use. Which of the following manifestations of the client's health problem will the technician anticipate on the ECG?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A prominent U wave and a flattened T wave. Hypokalemia results in low potassium levels, affecting the heart's electrical activity. Prominent U waves and flattened T waves are typical ECG findings in hypokalemia due to delayed repolarization. A: Irregular heart rate and a peaked T wave are not typical manifestations of hypokalemia on an ECG. B: A low T wave and an absent P wave are not characteristic ECG findings in hypokalemia. D: A narrow QRS complex and an absent U wave are not typical ECG findings in hypokalemia.