Nicotinic acid (Niacin) acts by increasing the rate of catabolism of VLDL. This consideration is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because nicotinic acid (niacin) increases the rate of catabolism of VLDL by inhibiting lipolysis in adipose tissue, leading to decreased free fatty acids available for VLDL synthesis. This results in decreased VLDL production and increased clearance, thus lowering plasma VLDL levels. Option B is incorrect because nicotinic acid does not decrease VLDL catabolism. Option C is incorrect as not all choices are correct. Option D is incorrect as there is a correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide blocks NaCl cotransporters in the distal tubule, reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing diuresis. Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule. Furosemide inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb. Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist acting on the principal cells of the collecting duct. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it directly targets the distal tubule's mechanism of sodium reabsorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Imipenem, as it belongs to the carbapenem class of antibiotics. Carbapenems are broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against a wide range of bacteria, including some that are resistant to other antibiotics. Imipenem is specifically known for its activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A: Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic, not a carbapenem. B: Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic, not a carbapenem. D: Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic, not a carbapenem. In summary, only Imipenem (Choice C) is a carbapenem antibiotic, making it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Isoniazid. It is a first-line antimycobacterial drug used for treating tuberculosis. It targets the mycobacterial cell wall synthesis, specifically inhibiting mycolic acid production. This makes it effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PAS (A) is a second-line drug with a different mechanism. Kanamycin (C) is also a second-line drug used for drug-resistant TB. Pyrazinamide (D) is a first-line drug, but it works by a different mechanism compared to isoniazid.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Niclosamide. Niclosamide is a salicylamide derivative used to treat tapeworm infections. This drug works by disrupting the mitochondrial function of parasites. Explanation: 1. Praziquantel (A) is used to treat schistosomiasis, not a salicylamide derivative. 2. Piperazine (B) is used to treat roundworm infections, not a salicylamide derivative. 3. Mebendazole (C) is an anthelmintic used to treat various worm infections, not a salicylamide derivative. In summary, Niclosamide is the correct choice as it is a salicylamide derivative specifically used for tapeworm infections, while the other options are used for different types of worm infections.