Newer atypical drugs such as olanzapine and risperidone:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atypical antipsychotics are linked to stroke in elderly patients with dementia. They are effective against negative symptoms and do not bind irreversibly to D2 receptors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of imatinib, leading to increased drug levels and a higher risk of side effects. Patients should be advised to avoid grapefruit juice while on imatinib therapy. Headaches are not typically an emergency unless severe or accompanied by other symptoms. Imatinib is a long-term treatment, not one that stops working after 2 months. Taking the drug on an empty stomach is not required; it can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Volume of distribution (Vd) is a pharmacokinetic parameter reflecting the extent a drug distributes into body tissues relative to plasma. It's not always a real volume, as it can exceed total body water (e.g., for lipophilic drugs), making that statement false. The second option is nonsensical due to unclear phrasing, but likely intends a ratio that's incorrectly stated. The third option reverses the correct formula and is also gibberish. The accurate definition is the amount of drug in the body divided by its concentration in plasma (Vd = Dose / Cp), which quantifies how widely a drug disperses. This isn't about area under the curve (AUC) or dose, as some might confuse with clearance. Understanding Vd is crucial for dosing adjustments, especially for drugs with high tissue affinity, where a large Vd indicates extensive distribution beyond plasma, impacting therapeutic strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should include the instruction to avoid drinking large amounts of green tea when providing dietary teaching for a patient receiving warfarin therapy. Green tea is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin, an anticoagulant medication. Maintaining a consistent intake of vitamin K is important for patients on warfarin in order to keep their INR (International Normalized Ratio) levels stable. It is not necessary to avoid all sources of vitamin K, but rather to keep intake consistent and moderate. Drinking large amounts of green tea, which is high in vitamin K, can potentially impact the patient's INR levels and increase the risk of bleeding or clotting issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Monitoring and reporting adverse effects of digoxin are crucial to ensure the patient's safety.