ATI RN
Questions About the Nervous System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Neuroglial cell that carries on phagocytosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microglial cells are neuroglia in the CNS that perform phagocytosis, engulfing debris and pathogens. Cranial nerves are PNS structures, microtubules are cytoskeletal components, and electrical excitability is a neuron property, not a cell type.
Question 2 of 5
The 12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain and primarily serve the head and neck.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cranial nerves are 12 pairs emerging from the brain, serving head and neck functions. Synapse is a junction, gray matter is CNS tissue, and neuropathy is a disorder.
Question 3 of 5
A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that produces actions similar to those that result from sympathetic stimulation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Norepinephrine (NE), secreted by the adrenal medulla, mimics sympathetic effects (e.g., increased heart rate). ACh is a neurotransmitter, receptors bind signals, and microtubules are structural.
Question 4 of 5
This multilayered lipid and protein covering, formed by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, around axons of many peripheral and central nervous system neurons.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The myelin sheath, formed by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS), insulates axons for faster conduction. Nerve is broader, neuroblastoma is a tumor, and neurons are cells.
Question 5 of 5
A neuroglial cell having a star shape that participates in brain development and the metabolism of neurotransmitters, helps form the blood-brain barrier, helps maintain the proper balance of K+ for generation of nerve impulses, and provides a link between neurons and blood vessels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Astrocytes are star-shaped CNS glia supporting neurotransmitter metabolism, blood-brain barrier, K+ balance, and neuron-vessel links. Neuroblastoma is a tumor, axon terminals are neuron parts, and sympathetic is a system.