ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism, excess T3/T4, accelerates metabolism, causing nervousness, heat intolerance, and hypertension. Diabetes affects glucose, hypoglycemia lowers energy, hypothyroidism slows metabolism opposite symptoms. Hyperthyroidism's overactive signs distinguish it, key to thyroid disorder diagnosis, contrasting with metabolic deficiencies.
Question 2 of 5
Which hormone produced by the thyroid gland regulates blood calcium levels?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcitonin, from the thyroid's C-cells, lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts, which break down bone. MSH (pituitary) affects pigmentation, oxytocin (hypothalamus/pituitary) aids childbirth, vasopressin (same) regulates water not calcium. Calcitonin's calcium-lowering action distinguishes it, vital for skeletal balance, especially in growth or pregnancy, contrasting with thyroid's metabolic hormones (T3/T4) or unrelated regulators.
Question 3 of 5
The sleep-wake cycle of the body is regulated by the hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Melatonin, from the pineal gland, regulates the sleep-wake cycle, increasing in darkness to promote sleep. Prolactin (pituitary) aids lactation, cortisol (adrenals) manages stress, progesterone (ovaries) supports pregnancy not sleep directly. Melatonin's circadian role distinguishes it, key to biological rhythms, with disruptions affecting sleep, unlike stress or reproductive hormones.
Question 4 of 5
ANP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), from stretched atria, counters angiotensin II by promoting natriuresis, vasodilation, and lowering blood pressure, opposing angiotensin II's sodium retention and vasoconstriction. It inhibits vasopressin (ADH), not stimulates. Scuba diving (pressure) may increase ANP via atrial stretch, not decrease. ANP is a single-chain peptide, not dual helix. Its antagonistic action distinguishes it, key to fluid balance, unlike vasopressin support, diving effects, or structural claims.
Question 5 of 5
temperature regulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Temperature regulation involves endogenous pyrogens (e.g., IL-1) from monocytes, macrophages, and Kupffer cells, raising hypothalamic setpoints in fever. It's hypothalamic, not cortical posterior hypothalamus heats, anterior cools (stimulation causes vasodilation, not hypothermia). Body temperature fluctuates daily, not constant. Pyrogens' mediation distinguishes fever's mechanism, key to immune-thermoregulatory link, unlike integration, regional, or stability claims.