Neostigmine is a drug useful in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, but it causes parasympathomimetic effects unless another drug is given first. This drug is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Atropine. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine levels leading to parasympathomimetic effects. Atropine, an anticholinergic drug, blocks the effects of acetylcholine, preventing excessive stimulation of cholinergic receptors. Administering atropine before neostigmine helps counteract the parasympathomimetic effects, making it a necessary pre-treatment. Epinephrine and isoproterenol are adrenergic drugs and wouldn't counteract the cholinergic effects of neostigmine. Edrophonium is another cholinesterase inhibitor like neostigmine, so it wouldn't be effective in preventing the parasympathomimetic effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct order of reactivity for elements is based on their tendency to lose electrons. In this case, sodium is the most reactive as it readily loses an electron to form a stable ion. Zinc is less reactive compared to sodium but more reactive than hydrogen and gold. Hydrogen is less reactive than both zinc and sodium. Gold is the least reactive among the options given. Therefore, the correct order of reactivity is sodium > zinc > hydrogen > gold, which matches option D. Choices A, B, and C do not follow the correct order of reactivity for the elements listed, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: -1, 0. Electrons have a charge of -1, while neutrons have no charge (0). This is because electrons are negatively charged particles, while neutrons are neutral. The other choices are incorrect because A: 0, 0 doesn't differentiate between the charges of electrons and neutrons, B: 0, -1 incorrectly assigns a charge to neutrons, and D: -1, +1 incorrectly assigns a charge to neutrons and doesn't represent the relative charges accurately.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ADH. The pituitary gland consists of two parts: the anterior and posterior pituitary. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. Therefore, it is not synthesized in the pituitary gland itself. LH, FSH, and TSH are all hormones synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin enhances glucose transport by promoting the translocation of glucose transporter proteins to the cell membrane. The brain does not require insulin for glucose uptake as it has a specialized transporter. Skeletal muscle, myocardium, and adipose tissue all rely on insulin for increased glucose transport. Therefore, the correct answer is A. The other choices (B, C, and D) are incorrect as they all depend on insulin to enhance glucose transport in their respective tissues.