ATI RN
Basic Care Needs of Patients Questions
Question 1 of 5
Negligence is divided into three categories. Which of the following is not one of the categories?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Milfeasance. Negligence is divided into three categories: malfeasance (performing an act that is wrongful), misfeasance (performing a lawful act in a wrongful manner), and nonfeasance (failing to perform a required duty). "Milfeasance" is not a recognized term in negligence law and does not fit into any of the established categories. Therefore, it is not a valid category of negligence. Malfeasance, misfeasance, and nonfeasance are the only recognized categories in negligence law.
Question 2 of 5
Early central venous pressure monitoring during fluid resuscitation in the ED has the greatest utility in a:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, a patient with a severe cardiac contusion. Central venous pressure monitoring is essential for assessing fluid status and cardiac function in patients with significant cardiac injuries. Monitoring CVP can guide fluid resuscitation and help optimize cardiac output in these patients. Choice A, a patient with a splenic laceration, does not typically require CVP monitoring as the focus is on managing bleeding and hemodynamic stability. Choice B, a patient with an inhalation injury, would benefit more from oxygenation monitoring and respiratory support rather than CVP monitoring. Choice C, a 6-year-old child with a pelvic fracture, may require monitoring for hypovolemic shock but not necessarily through CVP monitoring, which is more invasive and not typically indicated in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A four-year-old girl, weighing approximately 20kg is admitted in shock after an automobile crash. The initial fluid challenge or bolus should consist of Ringers lactate solution in the volume of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 400ml. In pediatric resuscitation, the initial fluid bolus is usually calculated based on weight. The standard recommendation is to give 20ml/kg of Ringers lactate solution in shock. In this case, the girl weighs 20kg, so 20 x 20 = 400ml. This volume helps to restore intravascular volume and improve perfusion. Choice A (200ml) is insufficient for her weight, C (440ml) is slightly excessive, and D (600ml) is too much and could lead to fluid overload and potential complications.
Question 4 of 5
A 22-year-old male fell from 2m and has a large right pneumothorax. Chest tube placed but x-rays show persistent pneumothorax. The diagnosis is likely:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, "Tracheobronchial injury." In this scenario, the persistent pneumothorax despite chest tube placement suggests air leakage from a larger airway, indicating tracheobronchial injury. Rib fractures (B) would not cause persistent pneumothorax. Pulmonary contusion (C) would present differently on imaging. Cardiac tamponade (D) involves blood accumulation in the pericardial sac, not air in the pleural space.
Question 5 of 5
Minute ventilation increases primarily due to an increase in tidal volume. Hypocapnia (PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg) is therefore common in late pregnancy. A PaCO2 of 35 to 40 mm Hg may indicate impending respiratory failure during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: D is correct because assessing respiratory status during pregnancy requires a comprehensive approach. Clinical examination, AP and odontoid views, or CT scans help evaluate the airway, breathing, and potential spinal injury. This is crucial to identify impending respiratory failure. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A is incorrect because respiratory assessment is part of the secondary survey, not the primary survey in trauma care. B is incorrect as respiratory assessments do not specifically exclude spinal injuries. C is incorrect as respiratory assessments are not indicated for all trauma patients, but for those with potential respiratory compromise.