Name the routes of medication administration:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oral. This route involves administering medication through the mouth. It is a common and convenient method for most medications. Otic (choice B) is for ear medications, not oral. Nares (choice C) is for nose medications, not oral. Buccal (choice D) is for medications placed between the cheek and gum, not solely oral. Oral administration is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to medication given through the mouth.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) expansion of nursing roles during World War II. This advancement in the nursing profession was a pivotal moment in history where nurses were called upon to take on new responsibilities and roles to meet the demands of the war effort. This expansion led to increased recognition of the value of nurses in various healthcare settings and paved the way for the evolution of nursing practice. Option B) establishment of the first nursing school is incorrect as this occurred much earlier in the history of nursing, with the first nursing school being established by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century. While this was a significant advancement, it did not specifically occur during the mid-twentieth century. Option C) embrace of EHRs and telehealth is also incorrect as these advancements occurred much later in the timeline of nursing history, with the widespread adoption of electronic health records and telehealth services taking place in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Option D) recognition of nurse practitioners as primary care providers is also incorrect as this advancement gained prominence in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century, rather than during the mid-twentieth century. Understanding the historical context of nursing advancements is crucial for nursing students as it allows them to appreciate the progress made in the profession and how these advancements have shaped modern nursing practice. By recognizing key milestones in nursing history, students can gain a deeper understanding of the profession's evolution and the contributions of nurses to healthcare.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the late twentieth century, a significant shift occurred in the development of nursing theories towards a proliferation of theories addressing various aspects of nursing, health, and care. This shift marked a period of diversification and expansion in nursing theory development, reflecting the evolving complexities of healthcare delivery and patient needs. Option A, a decline in the emphasis on evidence-based practice, is incorrect because, in reality, there was an increased emphasis on evidence-based practice during this period to ensure that nursing interventions were rooted in empirical evidence and best practices. Option B, a move toward task-oriented approaches, is incorrect as the trend in nursing theory development was moving away from merely task-oriented approaches towards holistic, patient-centered care models that encompassed the physical, psychological, and emotional needs of patients. Option C, a decrease in the importance of research integration, is incorrect because the late twentieth century saw a growing recognition of the critical role of research in shaping nursing practice and theory, leading to greater integration of research findings into nursing theory development. Understanding this historical context is crucial for nursing students as it provides insight into the evolution of nursing theory, emphasizing the importance of staying abreast of current trends and research to provide high-quality, evidence-based care to patients. It also highlights the dynamic nature of nursing practice, encouraging students to embrace innovation and diversity in their approach to patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: "My ankle looks less swollen now." This statement suggests that the ice application has been effective in reducing swelling, which is one of the primary goals of applying ice to an acute injury like an ankle sprain. Swelling is caused by increased blood flow to the injured area, and ice helps to constrict blood vessels and reduce this inflammation. Option A, "My ankle appears redder now," is incorrect because increased redness would indicate increased blood flow and potentially worsening inflammation, which is not the desired outcome of ice application. Option B, "I need something stronger for pain relief," is incorrect because ice is commonly used as a first-line treatment for pain and inflammation in acute injuries. Seeking stronger pain relief may not be necessary if the ice application effectively reduces swelling and pain. Option D, "My ankle feels warm," is incorrect because ice typically causes a sensation of coldness, not warmth. Feeling warmth could indicate that the ice application was not effective in reducing inflammation and may not be the desired outcome. In an educational context, this question assesses the student's understanding of the rationale behind using ice for acute injuries like ankle sprains. It reinforces the importance of assessing the effectiveness of interventions based on expected outcomes such as reduced swelling in this case. Understanding these principles is crucial for nurses in providing evidence-based care and promoting optimal recovery for patients with musculoskeletal injuries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the priority nursing diagnosis for a newly admitted female client diagnosed with agranulocytosis is "B) Risk for infection." Agranulocytosis is a condition characterized by a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells, particularly granulocytes, which are essential for fighting off infections. The correct answer is right because individuals with agranulocytosis are at a high risk for developing severe infections due to their compromised immune system. Therefore, the priority for the nurse is to address and minimize the risk of infection to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Option A, "Diarrhea," is not the priority nursing diagnosis in this case as it is not directly related to the client's primary health concern of increased susceptibility to infections due to agranulocytosis. Option C, "Deficient knowledge," may be a valid nursing diagnosis for client education regarding agranulocytosis and its management. However, it is not the priority compared to addressing the immediate risk of infection. Option D, "Constipation," is also not the priority nursing diagnosis as it is not directly related to the client's current health condition of agranulocytosis and the associated risk of infection. Educationally, understanding priority setting in nursing is crucial as it ensures that the most critical and immediate needs of the client are addressed first. By prioritizing the risk for infection in a client with agranulocytosis, nurses can provide timely and appropriate care to prevent potential complications and promote positive health outcomes.