Name the primary muscles of inspiration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary muscles of inspiration are the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, while the external intercostal muscles lift and expand the rib cage. This creates a negative pressure in the lungs, allowing air to flow in. A: Internal intercostal muscles are involved in forced expiration, not inspiration. B: While the diaphragm is a primary muscle of inspiration, internal intercostal muscles are not. D: Rectus abdominis and transversus thoracis are primarily involved in expiration, not inspiration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: corniculate cartilage. The corniculate cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages. It is paired and sits atop the arytenoid cartilages in the posterior aspect of the larynx. The cricoid cartilage (A) is a complete ring of cartilage located just below the thyroid cartilage. The epiglottis (B) is a leaf-shaped cartilage that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing. The thyroid cartilage (C) is the largest laryngeal cartilage but not the largest overall.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Interstitial inflammation. This finding supports the potential diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia because interstitial inflammation is a characteristic feature of bacterial pneumonia, indicating infection and inflammation in the lung tissue. Elevated WBC count (choice A) is a general sign of infection and can be present in various conditions, not specific to bacterial pneumonia. Consolidation of lung tissue (choice B) is more indicative of a severe infection such as pneumonia but is not specific to bacterial pneumonia. Copious exudate (choice D) may suggest a productive cough but does not specifically point to bacterial pneumonia. Overall, interstitial inflammation is the most specific and relevant finding to support the potential diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase is crucial for converting carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in red blood cells, facilitating oxygen transport. This enzyme plays a key role in maintaining the blood's acid-base balance and allowing efficient exchange of gases in the lungs. The other choices are incorrect because hemoglobin synthesis is not directly related to carbonic anhydrase, blood pressure regulation involves different mechanisms, and blood glucose levels are primarily controlled by insulin and glucagon, not carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - "At the first indication of chest pain." This is because sublingual nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting medication used to relieve chest pain related to angina by dilating blood vessels. Taking it at the first sign of chest pain ensures prompt relief. Choice A is incorrect as frequent dosing can lead to tolerance. Choice C is unnecessary and not evidence-based. Choice D delays treatment and can be dangerous in an emergency.