ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Name the gland that is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thyroid gland sits at the throat's base, below the Adam's apple, secreting T3/T4 for metabolism and calcitonin for calcium. The pituitary, at the brain's base, controls other glands. The pineal, in the brain's midline, releases melatonin. The hypothalamus, above the pituitary, regulates it, not at the throat. Thyroid's neck location and metabolic role distinguish it, key to its anatomical and functional identity, unlike brain-based glands.
Question 2 of 5
The Glucagon is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon accelerates glycogenolysis, converting liver glycogen to glucose to raise blood levels, countering insulin. Slowing gluconeogenesis (glucose from lactic acid) opposes glucagon's role it promotes it. Decreasing glycogen conversion is insulin's job. Protein synthesis isn't glucagon-driven GH or insulin-like factors handle that. Glycogenolysis acceleration distinguishes glucagon, key to fasting glucose supply, unlike inhibitory or anabolic actions.
Question 3 of 5
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid glands secrete PTH to raise blood calcium via bone resorption and kidney reabsorption, while the thyroid's calcitonin lowers it by inhibiting resorption. Adrenal medulla (catecholamines), pancreas (insulin), testes (testosterone), and thymus (immunity) don't regulate calcium. Parathyroid-thyroid balance distinguishes this control, key to skeletal and metabolic homeostasis.
Question 4 of 5
Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism, excess T3/T4, accelerates metabolism, causing nervousness, heat intolerance, and hypertension. Diabetes affects glucose, hypoglycemia lowers energy, hypothyroidism slows metabolism opposite symptoms. Hyperthyroidism's overactive signs distinguish it, key to thyroid disorder diagnosis, contrasting with metabolic deficiencies.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following produce antagonistic results?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin (thyroid) lowers blood calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises it antagonistic for calcium balance. FSH and LH cooperate in reproduction, ADH and vasopressin are the same, oxytocin/prolactin synergize in lactation. Calcitonin-PTH opposition distinguishes them, key to homeostasis, contrasting with synergistic pairs.