Name a desired outcome of the drug Phenytoin:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenytoin is an anti-seizure medication commonly used to treat and prevent seizures in individuals with epilepsy. The desired outcome of taking Phenytoin is to decrease or completely stop seizures without causing excessive sedation. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain to prevent abnormal firing of neurons that can lead to seizures. Therefore, the main goal of using Phenytoin is to control seizure activity and improve the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The regulation of arterial blood pressure is primarily determined by two main parameters: cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metoprolol is metabolized primarily by hepatic enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum via CYP450 pathways.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cortisol is indeed the primary human glucocorticoid, a true statement regulating metabolism and stress. Normal cortisol secretion is ~10-20 mg/day, not 100 mg, so that's false. ACTH suppression occurs rapidly (hours), true. Cortisol absence heightens catecholamine sensitivity, true, as in Addison's disease. Leukocyte/macrophage inhibition is a glucocorticoid action, not its absence. Cortisol's role as the major glucocorticoid underpins its therapeutic mimicry (e.g., hydrocortisone) in adrenal insufficiency.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Articaine is considered the most potent ester type of local anesthetic. It is known for its high efficacy in providing profound anesthesia due to its unique chemical structure that enhances its ability to penetrate tissues effectively. Articaine also has a rapid onset of action and a relatively long duration of action compared to other ester local anesthetics. These characteristics make it a popular choice for various dental and medical procedures where deep and long-lasting anesthesia is required.