Nafarelin (Synarel) is used to treat mildtosevere endometriosis. What instruction or information should the nurse provide to a client regarding nafarelin administration?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) It can cause the client to experience some hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Rationale: Nafarelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that suppresses ovarian function by inhibiting the release of gonadotropins. This results in decreased estrogen levels, leading to side effects such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. It is crucial for the nurse to educate the client about these potential side effects to ensure they are informed and can manage them effectively. Option A) Nafarelin stimulates ovarian activity is incorrect because, as mentioned earlier, nafarelin actually suppresses ovarian function. Option B) It should be administered by intramuscular (IM) injection is incorrect because nafarelin is not typically administered via IM injection. Option C) Nafarelin should be administered by a subcutaneous implant is incorrect because nafarelin is commonly administered as a nasal spray, not through a subcutaneous implant. Educational Context: Understanding the pharmacological actions and side effects of medications used in maternal newborn nursing is crucial for providing safe and effective care to clients. Nurses play a vital role in educating clients about their medications to promote adherence and optimal outcomes. In this case, educating the client about the side effects of nafarelin is essential for their well-being and treatment compliance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) DUB is most commonly caused by anovulation. This statement is accurate because dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is often the result of hormonal imbalances that lead to irregular ovulation or anovulation, disrupting the normal menstrual cycle. Anovulation can cause the lining of the uterus to build up excessively and then be shed irregularly, resulting in excessive and prolonged bleeding. Option B) DUB most often occurs in middle age is incorrect because DUB can occur at any age during a woman's reproductive years and is not limited to middle age. Option C) The diagnosis of DUB should be the first consideration for abnormal menstrual bleeding is incorrect because before diagnosing DUB, other potential causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding, such as structural abnormalities or bleeding disorders, should be ruled out to ensure appropriate management. Option D) Steroids are the most effective medical treatment for DUB is incorrect. Treatment for DUB typically involves correcting the underlying hormonal imbalance through methods like hormonal contraceptives or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to control bleeding, not steroids. In an educational context, understanding the etiology of DUB is crucial for nurses caring for women experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding. Recognizing common causes like anovulation helps guide assessment, intervention, and patient education to promote optimal maternal health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Endometriosis may worsen with repeated cycles or remain asymptomatic and disappear after menopause. This statement is accurate because endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. Symptoms can fluctuate with the menstrual cycle and may lessen after menopause due to hormonal changes. Option A is incorrect because endometriosis involves the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, not inside. Option B is incorrect as endometriosis affects women of all ethnicities, not just African-American women. Option D is incorrect as endometriosis can significantly impact sexual intercourse and fertility due to pain, scarring, and inflammation. In an educational context, understanding accurate information about endometriosis is crucial for nurses caring for women of reproductive age. Recognizing symptoms, understanding the impact on fertility and sexuality, and being aware of treatment options can help nurses provide comprehensive care and support to women with endometriosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Only one vaccine for HPV is available. This statement is inaccurate because there are actually multiple vaccines available to prevent HPV infection. Currently, there are three main HPV vaccines approved by the FDA: Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix. These vaccines provide protection against various strains of the virus that can cause genital warts and certain types of cancer. Option B) The vaccine is given in three doses over a 6-month period is correct. The HPV vaccine is typically administered in a series of shots, usually three doses over a 6-month period. This dosing schedule is crucial for ensuring optimal protection against HPV. Option C) The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls is also correct. The HPV vaccine is recommended for both males and females to prevent HPV-related diseases and reduce transmission of the virus. It is essential for both genders to receive the vaccine to achieve herd immunity and decrease the overall prevalence of HPV infections. Option D) Ideally, the vaccine is administered before the first sexual contact is correct as well. The HPV vaccine is most effective when administered before individuals become sexually active and are exposed to the virus. By vaccinating individuals before their first sexual encounter, the vaccine can provide maximum protection against HPV infection. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those specializing in maternal newborn nursing, to have a thorough understanding of HPV vaccination guidelines. Educating young women, men, and their families about the importance of HPV vaccination can help prevent HPV-related diseases and promote overall public health. Healthcare professionals should stay updated on the latest recommendations regarding HPV vaccination to provide accurate information and support preventive healthcare practices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) HIV antibody testing. This test detects the presence of antibodies produced by the body in response to HIV infection. When a person is infected with HIV, their immune system produces antibodies to fight the virus, which can be detected through this testing method. Option A) HIV screening is a broad term that can refer to various types of tests used to detect HIV, including HIV antibody testing. It is not a specific laboratory test. Options C) Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts and D) Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) counts are tests used to monitor the progression of HIV infection and the immune status of the individual but do not directly detect the presence of the virus itself. In the context of maternal newborn nursing, understanding how to detect HIV in pregnant women is crucial for preventing mother-to-child transmission. By identifying HIV-positive pregnant women early through appropriate testing, healthcare providers can initiate interventions to reduce the risk of transmission to the newborn, such as antiretroviral therapy and other preventive measures. This knowledge is vital for providing comprehensive care to both the mother and the newborn, emphasizing the importance of accurate laboratory testing in maternal newborn nursing practice.