ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Na and other carrier ions facilitate absorption of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: amino acids and glucose. Na ions facilitate the absorption of these molecules in the small intestine through the process of co-transport with carrier proteins. Glucose and amino acids are primarily absorbed in the small intestine to be utilized by the body for energy and growth. Na ions help transport these molecules across the intestinal epithelium against their concentration gradients. A: Amino acids and fructose - While Na ions do play a role in the absorption of amino acids, fructose is primarily absorbed through facilitated diffusion and does not require Na ions for absorption. B: Fatty acids and glycerol - Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism called micelle formation and do not rely on Na ions for absorption. C: Fatty acids and glucose - While Na ions do play a role in the absorption of glucose, fatty acids are primarily absorbed through micelle formation and do not require Na ions for absorption.
Question 2 of 5
Eleanor, a 62 y.o. woman with diverticulosis is your patient. Which interventions would you expect to include in her care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: C is correct as high-fiber diet helps prevent diverticulitis episodes. Psyllium adds bulk to stool, reducing strain on the colon. A is incorrect as low-fiber diet worsens diverticulosis. B is inappropriate as TPN is not first-line and bed rest can worsen symptoms. D is incorrect as analgesics and antacids do not address the underlying cause.
Question 3 of 5
Contractions that mix material in the small intestine are called
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: segmental contractions. Segmental contractions mix material in the small intestine by contracting and relaxing specific segments of the intestine to mix and move the contents. This process helps with digestion and nutrient absorption. A: Peristalsis refers to the wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive system, not mixing. B: Deglutition is the process of swallowing food, not mixing it in the small intestine. C: Mass movements are large contractions that move material through the large intestine, not the small intestine where mixing occurs.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following structures would be considered retroperitoneal?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pancreas. The pancreas is considered retroperitoneal because it lies behind the peritoneum, specifically in front of the vertebral column. This positioning makes it retroperitoneal, unlike the stomach, jejunum, and spleen, which are intraperitoneal organs located within the peritoneal cavity. The retroperitoneal location of the pancreas helps protect it and provides structural support. It also allows for easier access during surgical procedures, as it is not surrounded by peritoneum on all sides like intraperitoneal organs.
Question 5 of 5
Which part(s) of the pharynx normally conduct food?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are parts of the pharynx involved in the digestive system. 2. The oropharynx receives food from the mouth, while the laryngopharynx leads to the esophagus. 3. The nasopharynx is not involved in food digestion, it connects to the nasal cavity. 4. The laryngopharynx is crucial in guiding food towards the esophagus. Summary: A: Incorrect, as the oropharynx alone does not cover the entire pathway of food. B: Incorrect, as the nasopharynx is not involved in food passage. C: Incorrect, as it excludes the laryngopharynx which is essential for food digestion.