Myocardial ischemia occurs as a result of increased oxygen demand and decreased oxygen supply. What factors and disorders result in increased oxygen demand (select all that apply)?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased cardiac workload with aortic stenosis. In aortic stenosis, the heart has to work harder to pump blood against the narrowed valve, leading to increased oxygen demand. This results in myocardial ischemia due to the imbalance between oxygen demand and supply. A: Hypovolemia or anemia may decrease oxygen supply but do not directly increase oxygen demand. C: Narrowed coronary arteries from atherosclerosis decrease oxygen supply but do not directly increase oxygen demand. D: Angina in the patient with atherosclerotic coronary arteries indicates decreased oxygen supply but does not directly increase oxygen demand.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arterial aneurysm. Aneurysms are abnormal bulges or ballooning in the walls of arteries. They can occur in any artery in the body. Arterial aneurysms are the most common type and can be further classified based on their shape and location. Venous aneurysms (B) occur in veins, not arteries. Dissecting aneurysms (C) involve a tear in the inner layer of the artery wall, causing blood to flow between the layers. Fusiform aneurysms (D) are a type of arterial aneurysm characterized by a uniform dilation of the entire circumference of the artery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Both A and B) because Jones criteria for the diagnosis of Rheumatic fever include carditis (inflammation of the heart) and erythema marginatum (a skin rash). Carditis is a major criteria and erythema marginatum is a minor criteria. Therefore, both A and B are essential components of the Jones criteria for diagnosing Rheumatic fever. Choice A (Carditis) alone is incorrect as it does not encompass the full criteria, and Choice B (Erythema marginatum) alone is also incorrect as it is just a minor criteria. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as the correct answer is a combination of both carditis and erythema marginatum.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: bed rest. Bed rest is crucial for managing thrombophlebitis to prevent further clot formation and reduce the risk of complications. Movement can dislodge blood clots, leading to embolism. Analgesics (A) may help with pain but do not address the underlying issue. Anticoagulants (B) are used to prevent clot formation but do not directly manage pain. Exercise (C) can worsen thrombophlebitis by increasing the risk of clot dislodgment. Thus, bed rest is the most appropriate option for pain management in thrombophlebitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mr. Baker's blood pressure remains uncontrolled because he is not taking his medicine as ordered. Medication adherence is crucial for managing blood pressure. If Mr. Baker is not taking his medicine as prescribed, it can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D may also contribute to high blood pressure, but not taking medication as ordered is the most likely reason based on the information provided. Choice B focuses on diet, which is important but not the most likely reason in this scenario. Choice C mentions sedentary behavior, which can impact blood pressure but is not as critical as medication adherence. Choice D addresses smoking, which is a risk factor for high blood pressure but not the primary reason in this case.