Much ethical debate has revolved around issues in acute health care, for example, the continuation or withdrawal of medical treatment. In such a specific situation, what is typically the dominant concern?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Upholding the client's autonomy. In acute healthcare situations, the dominant concern is typically respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their own care. Upholding autonomy ensures that the patient's wishes and values are prioritized in treatment decisions. This is supported by ethical principles such as respect for persons and patient-centered care. Choice A: Doing what is best for the community is not typically the dominant concern in acute healthcare situations as individual patient care is prioritized over broader community interests. Choice B: Doing what is best for the family may be important but it does not override the patient's right to autonomy in making decisions about their own healthcare. Choice C: Obeying legal mandates is important but it does not necessarily address the ethical principle of respecting the patient's autonomy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reflecting on personal beliefs helps the CHN understand their own cultural biases and how they may affect interactions with diverse populations. This self-awareness is crucial for developing cultural competence. Choice A is incorrect as a survey alone does not promote self-reflection. Choice C may provide exposure to another culture, but it doesn't directly address the CHN's own cultural awareness. Choice D focuses on studying others' cultures rather than reflecting on one's own beliefs, missing the crucial aspect of self-awareness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it correctly states that the proportion of chlamydia cases to all STIs was 500:1. This is calculated by dividing the number of chlamydia cases (500) by the total number of STI cases (1,000). This ratio accurately reflects the relationship between chlamydia cases and total STI cases within the given data. Choice A is incorrect as it incorrectly states that the proportion of gonorrhea cases to all STIs was 300:1. This ratio is inaccurate and does not reflect the actual data provided. Choices B and C are not provided, but they would be incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the proportion of chlamydia cases to total STI cases as required by the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sensitivity. When a person with AIDS receives a TB skin test, their immune system may be too weak to mount a response, leading to a false negative result. Sensitivity refers to the test's ability to correctly identify those with the disease, making it low in this case. A: Positive predictive value is the likelihood that a positive test result truly indicates the presence of the disease, which is not affected by the weakened immune system in AIDS. B: Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results, which is not directly impacted by the immune deficiency in AIDS. D: Specificity is the test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease, which is also not directly influenced by the immune deficiency in AIDS.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation phase. During the evaluation phase, the CHN assesses the effectiveness of interventions in achieving the desired outcome of increasing the proportion of pregnant women receiving first-trimester prenatal care to at least 90%. This phase involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to determine if the interventions are successful. In contrast, the assessment phase (choice A) focuses on gathering information about the community's health needs, planning phase (choice B) involves developing strategies to address those needs, and implementation phase (choice C) is about putting the planned interventions into action. Therefore, the evaluation phase is the most appropriate stage to determine the success of the interventions in reaching the specified goal.