Much ethical debate has revolved around issues in acute health care, for example, the continuation or withdrawal of medical treatment. In such a specific situation, what is typically the dominant concern?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Upholding the client's autonomy. In acute healthcare situations, the dominant concern is typically respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their own care. Upholding autonomy ensures that the patient's wishes and values are prioritized in treatment decisions. This is supported by ethical principles such as respect for persons and patient-centered care. Choice A: Doing what is best for the community is not typically the dominant concern in acute healthcare situations as individual patient care is prioritized over broader community interests. Choice B: Doing what is best for the family may be important but it does not override the patient's right to autonomy in making decisions about their own healthcare. Choice C: Obeying legal mandates is important but it does not necessarily address the ethical principle of respecting the patient's autonomy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices aligns with the advocate role of a community health nurse. Advocacy involves promoting and supporting policies that benefit communities. Organizing home care (choice A) is more aligned with the caregiver role. Prenatal assessments (choice C) and facilitating a self-help group for smoking cessation (choice D) are more focused on direct patient care rather than advocating for broader community needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Evaluating the effectiveness of a program designed to decrease obesity among school-aged children ultimately depends on whether the program has successfully achieved its intended outcome of reducing obesity rates. Step 2: Monitoring the decrease in obesity among the children directly assesses the impact and success of the program. Step 3: This metric provides concrete data to measure the program's effectiveness objectively. Step 4: Considering other factors like satisfaction of children, parental support, and cost-benefit analysis are important but secondary to the primary goal of reducing obesity rates. Step 5: Therefore, the most crucial question to consider in evaluating the program is whether obesity among school-aged children has decreased, making option C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Commentator. This role involves tracking group process in writing and providing information to the group. A Coordinator focuses on organizing tasks, an Encourager offers positive reinforcement, and an Orienter sets the direction for the group. Commentator's role aligns closely with tracking and conveying information, making it the most suitable choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it meets all the criteria for identifying potential clients for a program. Children aged 18 months to 5 years are a specific target group, indicating a clear demographic. The fact that they have been treated for nutritional deficiencies at the district health clinic suggests they have existing health issues that the program could address. Choice A is not correct because it includes all women in a broad age range without specifying any health or program-related criteria. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on immigrants with language barriers rather than specific health or program needs. Choice C is not the best answer as it only mentions pregnant women who received nutritional counseling but does not specify any ongoing health issues or program needs.