Mu (μ) receptors are associated with:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because mu (μ) receptors are primarily associated with analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and physical dependence. This is supported by pharmacological studies and clinical observations. Choice B is incorrect because mydriasis and sedation are not typically associated with mu receptors. Choice C is incorrect because dysphoria, hallucinations, and respiratory/vasomotor stimulation are more commonly linked to other receptor types. Choice D is incorrect because respiratory stimulation is not a typical effect of mu receptor activation. Overall, the key characteristics of mu receptors align with the effects listed in option A, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Correct. Clozapine has potent anticholinergic activity, leading to side effects like dry mouth and constipation. B: Incorrect. Clozapine has higher affinity for serotonin receptors than D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. C: Incorrect. Clozapine is known for low extrapyramidal side effects compared to typical antipsychotics. D: Incorrect. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic, not related to typical antipsychotic agents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eleuterococci extract. Adaptogens are substances that help the body adapt to stress and promote balance. Eleutherococcus, also known as Siberian ginseng, is a well-known adaptogen commonly used as a stimulant in traditional medicine. Rationale: 1. Eleuterococci extract is a known adaptogen that helps the body cope with stress and fatigue. 2. Amphetamine and Sydnocarb are stimulant drugs but do not belong to the category of adaptogens. 3. Caffeine is a stimulant but does not qualify as a true adaptogen since it does not have the holistic stress-adapting properties of adaptogens. In summary, Eleuterococci extract is the correct choice as it aligns with the definition and properties of adaptogens, while the other choices lack the specific stress-adapting qualities required for adaptogens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that acts on serotonin receptors, not GABA receptors like other sedative-hypnotic drugs. 2. Since it does not target GABA receptors, it does not potentiate CNS depressant effects of ethanol, phenothiazines, or tricyclic antidepressants. 3. This makes it the only drug in the list that does not interact with these substances, making it the correct answer. Summary: - Phenobarbital, Diazepam, and Chloralhydrate are sedative-hypnotic drugs that potentiate CNS depressant effects of ethanol and other drugs due to their action on GABA receptors. - Buspirone, on the other hand, does not potentiate these effects as it acts on serotonin receptors, not GABA receptors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Sevoflurane decreases the ventilatory response to hypoxia by depressing the central nervous system. It inhibits the brain's response to low oxygen levels, leading to decreased breathing effort. Nitrous oxide, desflurane, and halothane do not have the same effect on the ventilatory response to hypoxia. Nitrous oxide actually stimulates the ventilatory response, while desflurane and halothane may have minimal effects or slightly increase the response. Thus, Sevoflurane is the correct choice as it specifically decreases the ventilatory response to hypoxia.