Mrs. K, diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, is receiving radioactive iodine therapy. Which of the following should be included in her teaching plan?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In Mrs. K's case of hyperthyroidism undergoing radioactive iodine therapy, the correct answer is C) You will need to avoid close contact with others for several days. This instruction is crucial as the radioactive iodine therapy can make the patient emit radiation, which can be harmful to others, especially pregnant women and children. Option A is incorrect because in hyperthyroidism, the goal is usually to decrease thyroid hormone levels, so taking a thyroid hormone supplement after treatment would be counterproductive. Option B is incorrect because radioactive iodine therapy requires precautions due to radiation exposure, and immediate resumption of usual activities can pose risks to others. Option D is incorrect because increasing iodized salt intake is not recommended post-radioactive iodine therapy; in fact, patients are often advised to limit iodine intake to prevent interference with treatment efficacy. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind each option enhances the student's grasp of the importance of radiation safety measures in treating hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine therapy and reinforces the need for tailored patient education based on specific treatment modalities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In diagnosing hyperthyroidism in older adults, the most reliable thyroid function test is measuring the Serum T3 level. Thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. In hyperthyroidism, there is an excess of these hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and tremors. Measuring Serum T3 level directly assesses the active thyroid hormone in the bloodstream, providing a more accurate reflection of thyroid function compared to T4 alone. This is particularly important in older adults who may have atypical symptoms or underlying health conditions that can complicate diagnosis. The other options listed - Glucose tolerance test, Cosyntropin, and Iodine tolerance test - are not appropriate for diagnosing hyperthyroidism. A Glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes, Cosyntropin is used to assess adrenal function, and Iodine tolerance test is outdated and not reliable for diagnosing hyperthyroidism. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind selecting the appropriate thyroid function test is essential for healthcare professionals, especially when working with older adult populations who may present with subtle or nonspecific symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This knowledge ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate management to improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a patient with pheochromocytoma, instructing the LPN/LVN to avoid palpation of the abdomen (Option A) is crucial due to the risk of triggering a hypertensive crisis. Palpation can stimulate the release of catecholamines from the tumor, leading to a sudden surge in blood pressure, which can be dangerous for the patient. Auscultation of lung sounds (Option B) is a safe assessment technique in this scenario as it does not pose any risk of exacerbating the patient's condition. Assessing lung sounds can provide valuable information about respiratory function and detect any abnormalities such as crackles or wheezes. Similarly, inspection of the skin for lesions (Option C) is a non-invasive assessment that does not directly impact the patient's blood pressure or catecholamine levels. It can help identify any skin changes or abnormalities that may be indicative of underlying conditions or side effects of treatment. Checking the peripheral pulses (Option D) is also a safe practice that can provide information about circulation and perfusion without posing a risk of triggering a hypertensive crisis in a patient with pheochromocytoma. Educationally, it is important to highlight the significance of understanding specific patient conditions and tailoring assessment techniques accordingly to ensure patient safety and optimal care. By avoiding palpation of the abdomen in this case, healthcare providers can prevent potentially harmful complications and promote a safe clinical environment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Metabolic acidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketones in the urine, and metabolic acidosis. When the body cannot use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin, it starts breaking down fats instead, leading to the production of ketones and an acidic environment in the blood. Option B) Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood due to respiratory failure, not the case in DKA. Option C) Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an excess of bicarbonate in the blood, which is not seen in DKA. Option D) Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation leading to a decreased level of carbon dioxide in the blood, not a feature of DKA. Educationally, understanding acid-base imbalances in various disease states like DKA is crucial for nurses to provide effective care to patients. Recognizing the specific acid-base imbalance in DKA informs the treatment approach, such as insulin administration and fluid resuscitation to correct the metabolic acidosis and restore the body's normal pH balance. It also highlights the importance of monitoring electrolyte levels and acid-base status in diabetic patients to prevent complications like DKA.