Mr. Reyes has a possible skull fracture. The nurse should:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a patient is suspected to have a possible skull fracture, the nurse should observe him for signs of brain injury. Signs of brain injury can include changes in level of consciousness, altered pupil size or reaction to light, slurred speech, weakness or numbness in extremities, seizures, severe headache, vomiting, and vision changes. Monitoring for these signs would help in early detection of any worsening condition or complications related to the skull fracture. It is crucial to assess and monitor the patient's neurological status closely to provide timely interventions and prevent further damage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Taking NSAIDs with meals or a snack can help reduce the risk of stomach irritation and ulcers that are commonly associated with these medications. Food can help protect the stomach lining from the irritating effects of NSAIDs. It is important for the adult to follow this instruction to minimize any potential gastrointestinal side effects. Taking NSAIDs with meals also helps with the absorption of the medication into the bloodstream, ensuring its effectiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The first action the nurse should take in this situation is to check the patient's airway. Ensuring a patent airway is a critical step as it is essential for breathing and oxygenation. In this case, the unconscious patient may be at risk of airway obstruction due to various factors such as blood, secretions, or swelling from the injury. By checking the airway first, the nurse can quickly identify and address any blockages or issues that may compromise the patient's ability to breathe effectively. Once the airway is secured, the nurse can then proceed to address the other needs of the patient, such as controlling bleeding and stabilizing other vital signs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand how to manage common issues like colic in infants. The correct answer to the question about calming a crying infant with colic is option C, simethicone. Simethicone is an over-the-counter medication that helps to reduce gas bubbles in the stomach and intestines, which can alleviate discomfort and fussiness in colicky infants. Option A, diphenhydramine, is an antihistamine that is not recommended for infants with colic due to its sedative effects, which may not address the underlying cause of colic and can pose risks to infants. Phenobarbital (option B) is a central nervous system depressant that is not indicated for colic and can be harmful in infants. Lactase (option D) is an enzyme that helps in digesting lactose and is not typically used to manage colic symptoms. Educationally, understanding the appropriate interventions for colic in infants is essential for pediatric nurses. By choosing the correct answer, nurses can provide safe and effective care, promoting the well-being of infants and supporting their families. It is important to prioritize evidence-based interventions like simethicone over potentially harmful or ineffective options to ensure optimal outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) nasopharyngeal T-cell lymphoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is known to be associated with several malignancies, including Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. However, nasopharyngeal T-cell lymphoma is not typically associated with EBV infection. In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between viral infections like EBV and malignancies is crucial for providing comprehensive care to pediatric patients. This knowledge can help nurses anticipate potential complications, monitor for signs and symptoms of malignancies, and collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. By knowing which malignancies are more likely to be associated with EBV, nurses can play a key role in promoting early intervention and improved outcomes for pediatric patients at risk.