Mr. Boy, a 65-year old man, has been admitted wth severe flame burns resulting from smoking in bed. The nurse can expect his room environment to include:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mr. Boy, who suffered severe flame burns from smoking in bed, would require specialized care in a burn unit. In such units, patients like Mr. Boy are typically placed in semi-private rooms. This setting allows for close monitoring, infection control, and privacy for the patient to receive specialized care. Semi-private rooms also facilitate the management of burn injuries, including wound care, dressing changes, and overall patient care. Additionally, the environment in a semi-private room helps in preventing the spread of infections and ensures that the patient's specific care needs are met effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and pediatric care, understanding the significance of Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign post-thyroidectomy surgery is crucial. These signs are indicative of hypocalcemia, which is characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve in the region of the parotid gland, resulting in facial muscle twitching. Trousseau's sign involves inflating a blood pressure cuff on the arm, leading to carpal spasm. Both signs suggest neuromuscular irritability, which is a classic manifestation of low calcium levels. Option A, hypocalcemia, is the correct answer because Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs are specific to this condition. Hypokalemia (Option B) is characterized by low potassium levels, while hypercalcemia (Option C) is the opposite of what these signs indicate. Hyperkalemia (Option D) refers to elevated potassium levels and is not related to the signs mentioned. Educationally, by understanding the association between these signs and hypocalcemia, nurses and healthcare providers can promptly recognize and intervene in cases of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, thereby preventing potential complications such as tetany or seizures in pediatric patients. This knowledge underscores the importance of thorough assessment and monitoring in the postoperative period, enhancing patient safety and outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Successful treatment of diabetes insipidus is indicated when the patient's excessive urination (polyuria) and thirst (polydipsia) are controlled. One of the primary goals of treatment is to achieve fluid balance by reducing urine output and, consequently, decreasing the excessive thirst. When the fluid intake is less than 2,500mL, it suggests that the patient's excessive thirst has decreased, indicating successful management of the condition. Monitoring and managing fluid intake are crucial in the treatment of diabetes insipidus to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. A lower fluid intake is a positive indicator that the treatment is effectively addressing the increased urine output characteristic of diabetes insipidus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatrics, when a baby falls off a bed, it is crucial for the nurse to monitor for signs and symptoms of potential injuries. Option A is correct because a change in level of consciousness indicates neurological involvement, tachypnea suggests respiratory distress, tachycardia may indicate shock, and petechiae can be a sign of internal bleeding or trauma. Option B is incorrect because chest pain, diaphoresis, and nausea/vomiting are more commonly associated with cardiac or gastrointestinal issues, not necessarily related to a fall. Option C is incorrect as loss of consciousness, bradycardia, and severe leg pain are not typical signs following a fall off a bed, and petechiae would be more concerning for bleeding disorders. Option D is incorrect as bradycardia, chest pain, and oliguria are not typically associated with a fall in this context but may indicate other issues like cardiac problems or renal dysfunction. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind monitoring specific signs and symptoms post-fall is crucial for pediatric nurses to promptly identify and address any potential injuries or complications that may arise, ensuring the best possible outcomes for the child.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects a person's ability to understand and/or produce language. In this case, Mr. Dela Isla's inability to comprehend what the nurse was saying suggests a possible impairment in his language comprehension abilities, pointing towards aphasia as the most likely condition. Symptoms of aphasia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but the common feature is difficulty with language tasks such as speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, agnosia is a sensory perception disorder, and apraxia involves difficulty with performing purposeful movements.