Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The right being violated in this scenario is the right to obtain from his physician complete current information concerning his diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Patients have the right to be fully informed about their health status and to understand the details of their condition, treatment options, and likely outcomes. Withholding this information can prevent the patient from participating in their own care decisions and can violate their autonomy and right to make informed choices about their health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of tinea versicolor, a fungal skin infection caused by Malassezia furfur. The hypopigmented macules with fine scaling are often seen on the trunk and proximal extremities, particularly in areas that are more prone to sebum production. Patients with tinea versicolor may have a history of sun exposure and outdoor activities as the organism responsible for the infection thrives in warm, humid environments. Treatment typically involves the use of topical antifungal agents such as ketoconazole or selenium sulfide.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sevelamer is a medication commonly prescribed to reduce serum phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sevelamer is a phosphate binder that works by binding to dietary phosphate in the gut, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. By reducing serum phosphate levels, sevelamer helps manage complications associated with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients, such as mineral and bone disorders. Other medications like epoetin alfa are used to treat anemia commonly seen in chronic kidney disease patients, while cinacalcet is used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism. Allopurinol, on the other hand, is used to treat gout by reducing uric acid levels and is not indicated for reducing serum phosphate levels in chronic kidney disease patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should reposition the patient to alleviate pressure on vulnerable areas. Pressure injuries can develop when there is prolonged pressure on specific areas of the skin, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. Repositioning the patient helps to relieve the pressure and prevent the development of pressure injuries. Applying a pressure-relieving device may also be helpful, but the immediate action should be to reposition the patient to address the issue. Documenting the observation is important for documentation purposes, but the priority is to take action to prevent harm to the patient. Continuing with the positioning as planned without addressing the inadequate skin protection could lead to the development of pressure injuries, which should be avoided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The suicide of her mother is the most probable historical data that led to post-traumatic stress disorder. Experiencing the suicide of a close family member, especially a parent, can be an extremely traumatic event that can have long-lasting psychological effects. Witnessing or dealing with such a tragic loss can lead to feelings of helplessness, depression, guilt, and intense emotional distress, all of which are common in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This significant and distressing event could have a profound impact on the individual's mental health and well-being, contributing to the development of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, negative mood alterations, and changes in arousal or reactivity.