Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because signs of brain injury, such as altered level of consciousness, unequal pupil size, and clear fluid draining from the nose or ears, indicate a need for urgent medical attention. Choice B is incorrect because hemorrhaging from the oral cavity is not a common sign of a skull fracture. Choice C is incorrect as elevating the foot of the bed is not appropriate for a skull fracture but may be done for shock. Choice D is incorrect because decreased intracranial pressure and temperature are not typical symptoms of a skull fracture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Hypercalcemia can lead to dehydration due to increased urine output. 2. Encouraging 3 to 4 L of fluid daily helps prevent dehydration and promote renal excretion of excess calcium. 3. Adequate hydration reduces the risk of kidney stones and other complications associated with hypercalcemia. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - Choice B (bed rest) does not directly address hypercalcemia complications. - Choice C (cough and deep breathe) is unrelated to managing hypercalcemia. - Choice D (apply heat to painful areas) does not address the underlying cause of hypercalcemia or its complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Neomycin is given preoperatively to decrease and retard the growth of normal bacteria in the intestines. This helps reduce the risk of infection during surgery by minimizing the number of bacteria present in the colon. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because Neomycin is not given to prevent infection postoperatively, eliminate the need for preoperative enemas, or treat cancer of the colon. The main purpose of administering Neomycin in this scenario is to create a sterile surgical field by reducing the normal flora in the intestines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Oral antidiabetic agents target insulin resistance, common in type 2 diabetes. 2. Type 1 diabetes lacks insulin production, making oral agents ineffective. 3. Choice A is incorrect as insulin cannot be taken orally. 4. Choice C is incorrect as oral agents are not indicated for type 2 diabetes. 5. Choice D is incorrect as pregnancy does not affect the type of diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Have him breathe into a paper bag. Breathing into a paper bag helps increase the carbon dioxide levels in the blood, which can help reverse respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation during an anxiety attack. This intervention helps to normalize the blood pH and alleviate symptoms. Incorrect choices: A: Making sure oxygen is administered as ordered is not appropriate for respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation. Oxygen therapy can worsen the condition by further reducing carbon dioxide levels. C: Placing the student in a semi-fowler's position does not directly address the primary issue of respiratory alkalosis and anxiety-induced hyperventilation. D: Coughing and deep breathing exercises may exacerbate the hyperventilation and worsen the respiratory alkalosis rather than alleviate the symptoms.