Mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, not just during labor. Step 2: Mother with active TB can transmit the bacteria to the child during childbirth. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission never occurs during labor is false. Summary: Choice B is correct because TB transmission can occur during labor, making Choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are irrelevant.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Placental parasitation is associated with Malaria prenatally because the Plasmodium parasite can infect the placenta through the bloodstream, leading to severe complications for both the mother and the fetus. This infection can result in low birth weight, preterm birth, and even stillbirth. Candidiasis, Tuberculosis, and Multiple gestation are not directly associated with placental parasitation. Candidiasis is a fungal infection, Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection, and Multiple gestation refers to carrying more than one fetus during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Malaria prenatally, due to the direct impact of Plasmodium parasite on the placenta and its implications on pregnancy outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during labor. Step 2: The TB bacteria can be present in the mother's respiratory secretions. Step 3: During labor, the baby can inhale these bacteria and contract TB. Step 4: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor is FALSE. Summary: Option B is correct because it accurately reflects the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of TB during labor. Option A is incorrect as it contradicts the factual information. Options C and D are not applicable as they provide no information.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because deep transverse arrest occurs when the level of the occiput and the sinciput is the same, leading to a failure of descent of the fetal head through the pelvis. This alignment issue hinders the progress of labor despite adequate contractions. A: Incorrect. Flexion being well maintained is not a defining characteristic of deep transverse arrest. B: Incorrect. While strong uterine contractions can contribute to labor challenges, deep transverse arrest is specifically related to the alignment of the fetal head. C: Incorrect. The curvature of the sacrum is not directly related to deep transverse arrest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Turtle sign. This sign refers to the fetal head retracting against the perineum during delivery. It indicates shoulder dystocia, a complication where the baby's shoulders get stuck after the head is delivered. This can lead to serious complications for both the baby and the mother if not managed promptly. A: Gaskin sign is incorrect as it refers to a position where the mother is on her hands and knees during labor. C: Klumpke sign is incorrect as it is a neurological condition affecting the lower arm and hand. D: Chignon sign is incorrect as it is not a recognized medical term related to childbirth.