Mother in late middle age who is certain she is not pregnant tells the nurse during an office visit she has urinary problems as well as sensation of bearing down and of something in the vagina. The nurse should realize that the client is most likely suffering from:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A cystocele/rectocele occurs when the supportive tissue between a woman's bladder and vaginal wall weakens, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina. This can lead to urinary problems such as difficulty emptying the bladder completely, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence. The fact that the mother is in late middle age and certain she is not pregnant, combined with her urinary problems, suggests that she may be experiencing symptoms of a cystocele/rectocele. It is important for the nurse to further assess the client's symptoms and provide appropriate education and treatment options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen and positioning the newborn can improve respiratory function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Following a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure for a miscarriage, it is important to inform the client that they may experience vaginal bleeding containing products of conception. This is a normal part of the recovery process after this type of procedure. The presence of these products of conception in the vaginal bleeding should be monitored and reported to the healthcare provider if there are any unusual symptoms or excessive bleeding. It is essential for the nurse to provide appropriate information and guidance to the client about what to expect post-procedure to ensure they can differentiate between normal and abnormal symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sternal retractions in a newborn may indicate respiratory distress or difficulty breathing. It is important for the nurse to intervene and assess the newborn's respiratory status further as this finding could be a sign of underlying respiratory issues that require immediate attention. The nurse should monitor the newborn's oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and any other signs of distress to ensure appropriate intervention is provided promptly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Early postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL within the first 24 hours after vaginal delivery. This definition is crucial because it helps healthcare providers identify and promptly address any excessive bleeding that may occur in the immediate postpartum period. Monitoring postpartum bleeding is essential to prevent complications related to PPH, such as maternal anemia, hypovolemic shock, and even maternal death. By knowing the definition of early PPH, healthcare providers can take timely interventions to manage and treat postpartum hemorrhage effectively.