Mother Arlene says the infant's physician recommends certain foods but the infant refuses to eat them after breastfeeding. The nurse should suggest that the mother alter the feeding plan by...

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario described, the correct answer is option D: Giving the infant a few minutes of breast and then offering solid food. This approach is aligned with recommended feeding practices for infants transitioning to solid foods. By allowing the infant to breastfeed first, they can satisfy their immediate hunger while also being introduced to solid foods during the same mealtime. This method helps in gradually acclimating the infant to new tastes and textures, promoting acceptance of solid foods in the long run. Option A, offering dessert followed by vegetables and meat, is incorrect as it encourages a potentially unhealthy eating pattern by prioritizing dessert over essential food groups like vegetables and meat. Option B, offering breastmilk as long as the infant refuses solid food, is not conducive to promoting the development of solid food consumption skills in the infant. Option C, mixing minced food with cow's milk and feeding it through a large hole nipple, is not recommended as cow's milk is not suitable for infants under the age of one and using a large hole nipple may lead to feeding difficulties and potential choking hazards. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the principles of introducing solid foods to infants and how to support parents in this process. Providing evidence-based guidance on infant feeding practices is crucial for promoting optimal growth and development in pediatric patients. By explaining the rationale behind the correct approach, nurses can empower parents to make informed decisions regarding their child's nutrition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Structured interaction. This approach promotes positive parent-child communication and encourages a nurturing and supportive environment for discipline. By choosing structured interaction, the mother can establish clear expectations, set limits, and provide guidance to her child effectively. Option B) Spanking is not recommended as a disciplinary method for children. Research has shown that spanking can lead to negative outcomes, such as increased aggression and behavior problems in children. It does not promote a healthy parent-child relationship or teach appropriate behavior. Option C) Reasoning is a valuable approach to discipline, but it may not always be effective with young children who are still developing their cognitive abilities. While reasoning can help children understand the consequences of their actions, it may not be the first step in establishing discipline for very young children. Option D) Scolding focuses on reprimanding the child for their behavior without providing guidance or teaching alternatives. This approach can lead to feelings of shame and inadequacy in the child, rather than promoting positive behavior change. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide evidence-based advice on positive discipline techniques to parents. Encouraging structured interaction helps parents build a strong foundation for effective discipline strategies that promote a healthy parent-child relationship and foster positive child development. By understanding the impact of different disciplinary approaches, nurses can support parents in creating a nurturing environment that enhances their child's well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Is most likely quite capable of this responsibility. In pediatric nursing, it is essential to recognize and support a child's growing independence and autonomy. By acknowledging the child's statement positively, the nurse reinforces the importance of personal responsibility and self-care habits. Option A) Is too young to be given this responsibility is incorrect because children should be encouraged to take on age-appropriate tasks to foster independence and self-esteem. Option C) Should have assumed this responsibility much sooner is incorrect as each child develops at their own pace, and it is important not to rush or compare their progress with others. Option D) Is probably just exaggerating the responsibility is incorrect as it undermines the child's sense of capability and responsibility, which are vital for their development. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of supporting children's autonomy in healthcare practices, promoting positive self-care behaviors, and building trusting relationships between healthcare providers and pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental stages is crucial for providing effective care. Toddlers, typically aged 1-3 years, commonly experience separation anxiety and fear of abandonment. The fear of going to sleep, option D, is associated with this developmental stage as bedtime signifies a temporary separation from caregivers. Toddlers may resist sleep due to fear of being alone. Option A, mutilation, is more commonly associated with preschool-aged children who are beginning to understand the concept of bodily harm. Option B, the dark, and option C, ghosts, are more aligned with fears seen in older children who have more developed imaginations and cognitive abilities to grasp abstract concepts. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing age-appropriate fears in pediatric patients to provide holistic care. Understanding developmental stages can help nurses anticipate and address fears, ultimately enhancing the quality of care provided to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases during pregnancy and is responsible for changes in skin pigmentation; the amount decreases after birth. Estrogen levels decrease after birth. Progesterone levels decrease after birth. Human placental lactogen production continues to aid in lactation. However, it does not affect pigmentation.