Most strong mu receptor agonists cause:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Strong mu receptor agonists, such as opioids, can cause hypertension due to the stimulation of mu receptors in the central nervous system. They can also increase pulmonary arterial pressure and myocardial work by affecting the cardiovascular system. Additionally, they can cause cerebral vasodilatation, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure. Therefore, all the mentioned effects are possible with strong mu receptor agonists, making option D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tranylcypramine. Tranylcypramine is a nonhydrazide derivative of MAO inhibitor that has amphetamine-like activity due to its structural similarity to amphetamines. Phenelzine and Moclobemide are not related to nonhydrazide derivatives and do not exhibit amphetamine-like activity. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Caffeine is a stimulant that can increase blood pressure, so hypotension is not an adverse effect. A: Arrhythmias can occur due to caffeine's stimulant effects on the heart. B: Insomnia is a common side effect of caffeine due to its ability to disrupt sleep patterns. D: Psychomotor excitation can happen as caffeine increases alertness and arousal. Therefore, hypotension is the exception among the choices as it does not align with caffeine's typical effects on the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 7-10 days. Opioid withdrawal symptoms typically start within 6-12 hours after the last dose and peak around 2-3 days. The acute phase, marked by intense symptoms like anxiety, sweating, and insomnia, usually lasts about a week. After this period, symptoms gradually improve. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is too short for the acute phase. Choice C is too long, indicating the more prolonged post-acute withdrawal phase. Choice D is significantly longer and indicative of a chronic condition, not acute withdrawal.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cytiton. The respiratory center is primarily stimulated by drugs that act on the central nervous system. Cytiton is not known to directly activate the respiratory center. Bemegride, caffeine, and aethymizole are central nervous system stimulants that can directly activate the respiratory center. Caffeine, for example, is a respiratory stimulant and can increase respiratory rate. Aethymizole is used to treat respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose. Bemegride is a respiratory stimulant used to treat respiratory depression. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it is not a drug known to directly activate the respiratory center.