Most of the Antibiotics against TB are not effective as the Tubercle bacterium has a resistive covering. One of the following drug is effectively used to control TB

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C: Rifampicin): 1. Rifampicin is a first-line antibiotic for TB treatment. 2. It works by inhibiting RNA synthesis in the TB bacteria. 3. TB bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to Rifampicin. 4. Its effectiveness in treating TB has been well-documented. Summary of Why Other Choices Are Incorrect: A: Ethambutol - Effective against TB but not the most commonly used drug like Rifampicin. B: Streptomycin - Can be used in TB treatment but not as effective as Rifampicin. D: Penicillin - Ineffective against TB as TB bacteria are resistant to Penicillin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining the patient's chest tube. After a mediastinotomy, the focus of postprocedure care is to ensure proper drainage and prevent pneumothorax. Chest tube maintenance is crucial for monitoring drainage, preventing complications, and promoting lung expansion. Assisting with PFT (A) is not a priority immediately post mediastinotomy. Administering oral suction (C) can disrupt the chest tube and increase infection risk. Performing chest physiotherapy (D) may be indicated later but is not the immediate priority.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and fluid from entering the lower respiratory system. This mechanism ensures that the airway remains clear and protects the lungs from aspiration. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The larynx is involved in sound production and air passage but does not specifically protect the lower respiratory system during swallowing. C: The vestibule is the space within the nasal cavity but does not play a direct role in protecting the lower respiratory system during swallowing. D: The pharynx is a passageway for both food and air but does not specifically prevent food and fluid bolus from entering the lower respiratory system during swallowing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the partial pressure of oxygen decreases with increasing altitude due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is higher, resulting in a higher partial pressure of oxygen compared to the top of Mt. Everest. Choice B is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen is not higher at higher altitudes. Choice C is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen is not equal at sea level and Mt. Everest. Choice D is incorrect because the question specifically asks about the partial pressure of oxygen only, not the sum of partial pressures from other gases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the most important chemical regulator of respiration as it directly affects the respiratory rate and depth. An increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood triggers the body to increase respiration to expel the excess carbon dioxide. Conversely, a decrease in carbon dioxide levels signals the body to decrease respiration. Oxygen (choice A) is important for cellular respiration but does not directly regulate breathing. Bicarbonate ion (choice C) and sodium ion (choice D) do not play a direct role in regulating respiration.