ATI RN
The Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Most drugs are not distributed homogeneously in the body. Drug distribution is influenced by factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, protein binding, and pH levels. Drugs can accumulate in specific tissues or organs, leading to variations in distribution. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they make absolute statements that do not accurately reflect the complexities of drug distribution in the body. It is important to consider various factors that affect drug distribution rather than assuming homogeneity.
Question 2 of 5
Most serious toxic reaction to local anesthetics is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the most serious toxic reaction to local anesthetics is systemic toxicity, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse, seizures, and even death. This occurs when the anesthetic enters the bloodstream in excessive amounts. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the most serious toxic reaction associated with local anesthetics. Choice A is a distraction, choice B is vague, and choice C is not directly related to the topic of toxic reactions to local anesthetics.
Question 3 of 5
Indicate the drug, which is rapidly and fully distributed into CNS and has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scopolamine. Scopolamine is rapidly and fully distributed into the central nervous system (CNS) due to its high lipid solubility. It has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently. Atropine (A) has less CNS penetration than scopolamine. Homatropine (C) has a shorter duration of action and lower CNS penetration. Ipratropium (D) is primarily used for its bronchodilator effects and has minimal CNS penetration. Therefore, based on its pharmacokinetic properties, scopolamine is the most suitable option for rapid and potent CNS effects among the choices provided.
Question 4 of 5
Indicate the following neuromuscular blocker, which would be contraindicated in patients with renal failure:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pipecuronium. Pipecuronium is primarily eliminated through renal excretion, so it can accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to prolonged effects and potential toxicity. Succinylcholine (B) is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase and not affected by renal function. Atracurium (C) and Rapacuronium (D) are also not primarily renally eliminated, making them safer options in patients with renal failure.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the sympathomimetic drug, which is used in a hypotensive emergency:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. 2. In a hypotensive emergency, vasoconstriction is needed to increase blood pressure. 3. Phenylephrine causes vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha-1 receptors, raising blood pressure. 4. Xylometazoline (A) is a nasal decongestant, Ephedrine (B) acts on multiple receptors, and Terbutaline (C) is a beta-2 agonist, not ideal for hypotensive emergencies.