Most evaluations are based on absolute judgment. This is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Internal standards. Rationale: 1. Internal standards refer to criteria set by an organization based on its own goals and values. 2. Absolute judgment means evaluations are made against these internal standards. 3. By using internal standards, evaluations are consistent and aligned with organizational objectives. 4. External sources (A) and manager's personal opinion (D) are subjective and may not reflect organizational goals. 5. Manager and staff's perceived notion (B) may vary and lack consistency, unlike internal standards. Summary: Internal standards provide a consistent and objective basis for evaluations, ensuring alignment with organizational goals. External sources, personal opinions, and perceived notions lack this consistency and alignment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Generate a pool of qualified applicants. The main purpose of recruitment activities is to attract and identify a diverse pool of qualified candidates for a job vacancy. By generating a pool of qualified applicants, the organization increases the chances of finding the best fit for the position. Option A, assessing motivation, is not the main purpose but can be a part of the recruitment process. Option C, assessing skills, and option D, assessing ability, are more related to the selection process rather than recruitment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because conflict can help individuals recognize differences and perspectives, leading to increased understanding and motivation for improved performance. Conflict can stimulate creativity and innovation, encouraging teams to consider different viewpoints and solutions. It does not always result in a win-win resolution (D) as conflicts can have winners and losers. Compromising on values and beliefs (A) is not a positive outcome of conflict, as it may undermine organizational integrity. Intergroup competition (B) may escalate conflicts and hinder collaboration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Verifying through feedback. This strategy involves ensuring that the message was accurately received and understood by asking the subordinate to repeat the instructions. This helps confirm clarity and reduces the chances of miscommunication or errors. It promotes active listening and engagement, enhancing communication effectiveness. Summary: B: Follow-up communication is about checking in after the initial communication, not verifying understanding in the moment. C: Getting positive attention is unrelated to verifying understanding of directions. D: Knowing the context of the instruction is important but not the same as verifying understanding through feedback.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Picketing the employer is not an effective way to apply power and politics in nursing because it can create conflict and strain relationships. 1. Networking with other professionals (B) is effective for building alliances and influencing decisions. 2. Writing letters to legislators (C) can help advocate for policy changes and influence healthcare laws. 3. Joining professional organizations (D) provides a platform to collaborate with others and have a collective voice in shaping the nursing profession. In summary, options B, C, and D are effective ways to apply power and politics in nursing, while option A can be counterproductive.