Most β blockers:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Most beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol) have half-lives of 3-10 hours, a true statement reflecting their typical duration, useful for dosing frequency. They have a large, not small, volume of distribution due to tissue penetration, so that's false. Many have good oral bioavailability, not poor, especially non-selective ones. Lipid solubility varies (e.g., propranolol is high, atenolol low), but many cross the BBB, causing CNS effects, though not universally true. They're often metabolized, not excreted unchanged. The half-life range is a key pharmacokinetic feature, guiding their use in hypertension or angina.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pharmacokinetics comprises absorption (entry to blood), distribution (to tissues), metabolism (chemical change), and excretion (removal)-standard categories tracking a drug's journey. Others mix processes or invent terms (e.g., interspersing), lacking precision. These four define the field, essential for dosing and effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Medication for GAD (e.g., SSRIs) is warranted when anxiety disrupts daily function-quality of life-not universally or compared to others, a tailored approach. Meds as lifestyle is extreme. Initial meds then therapy assumes progression, not individual need. ‘Probably not' dismisses severity. Quality of life guides treatment, per guidelines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the best instruction by the nurse for a pregnant client with arthritis is to suggest splinting for discomfort (Option C). The rationale behind this is that splinting is a non-pharmacological intervention that can help provide support and reduce joint pain without the potential risks associated with medications during pregnancy. It is a safe and effective method to manage discomfort in pregnant individuals with arthritis. Option A, avoiding heat on the joint, is incorrect because heat therapy can actually help relieve pain in arthritis; however, it may not be the best option during pregnancy due to the potential risks of overheating or affecting fetal development. Option B, recommending Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), is incorrect because medications should be carefully evaluated for safety during pregnancy, and this particular medication may have risks that need to be considered for both the mother and the fetus. Option D, stating that Glucocorticoids are safe during pregnancy, is incorrect because glucocorticoids may have adverse effects on fetal development and are generally not considered first-line treatment for arthritis in pregnant individuals due to these potential risks. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the unique considerations and challenges in managing chronic conditions like arthritis in pregnant individuals. Non-pharmacological interventions should be the initial approach, and any medication recommendations must be carefully evaluated for safety during pregnancy to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deadly nightshade (atropine) blocks muscarinic receptors. Decreased gastric acid secretion is correct-atropine inhibits parasympathetic stimulation of parietal cells. Bradycardia is wrong; tachycardia occurs. Increased bronchial secretions and salivation decrease, as does miosis (E)-pupils dilate. This anticholinergic effect explains the expected change in this poisoning.