Most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit which of the following laboratory values?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the correct answer is option D: Lower than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are normal. This is because HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-cells, leading to a decrease in their count. CD8+ T-cell levels may remain normal as they are involved in the immune response to HIV. Option A is incorrect because in HIV, CD4+ T-cell levels are typically lower. Option B is incorrect as CD8+ T-cell levels may be higher in response to the infection but not higher than normal. Option C is incorrect as both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell levels are usually low in HIV. Educationally, understanding the immune response in HIV is crucial for healthcare professionals to effectively manage and treat patients with the virus. Monitoring CD4+ T-cell levels is essential in assessing disease progression and guiding treatment decisions. This knowledge helps in providing optimal care and support to individuals living with HIV.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inadequate perfusion refers to the insufficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues due to compromised blood flow. Pallor in toes, as indicated in option B, is a sign of inadequate perfusion. When perfusion is inadequate, there is reduced blood flow to the extremities, leading to a pale or whitish appearance in the toes due to decreased oxygen supply. This is a critical indicator that tissue is not receiving adequate perfusion and may be at risk for damage or necrosis. Intact sensation (option A) does not directly correlate with perfusion status. While intact sensation is important for assessing nerve function, it is not a reliable indicator of perfusion adequacy. Bounding pulses (option C) are actually a sign of increased blood flow and may be present in conditions such as fever or inflammation, not inadequate perfusion. Pink fingers (option D) suggest good circulation and oxygenation, which is contrary to the expected pallor seen in inadequate perfusion. In an educational context, understanding the signs of inadequate perfusion is crucial for healthcare professionals to assess and address circulatory issues promptly. Recognizing these signs can help prevent complications such as tissue damage, organ dysfunction, or even loss of limb. Educating healthcare providers on these indicators enables them to provide timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse's priority should be option A: Administer antibiotics to the client. The rationale behind this is that osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone that requires immediate treatment with antibiotics to prevent further complications such as bone necrosis or systemic infection. Administering antibiotics promptly is crucial in stopping the spread of the infection and promoting the client's recovery. Option B, increasing the client's protein intake, while important for overall healing and immune function, is not the priority in this case. Option C, teaching relaxation breathing to reduce pain, is also beneficial but should come after addressing the infection itself. Option D, providing anti-pyretic therapy to reduce fever, is important but treating the underlying infection with antibiotics takes precedence. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of prioritizing interventions based on the immediate needs of the client. Understanding the urgency of treating infections promptly, especially in conditions like osteomyelitis, is essential for nurses to provide effective and timely care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best response by the nurse is option B) "Protein has amino acids that promote wound healing." This response is correct because proteins contain essential amino acids that are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration, which are essential for healing bedsores. Proteins play a vital role in the body's healing process by aiding in the formation of new tissue and supporting the immune system. Option A) "Because it is easy to digest" is incorrect as the ease of digestion is not the primary reason for providing protein supplements in this context. The main purpose is to supply the body with essential building blocks for tissue repair. Option C) "If you do not like it, you do not have to take it" is incorrect as it dismisses the importance of the protein supplements for wound healing. It is essential for the nurse to educate the client on the rationale behind the prescribed treatment. Option D) "These supplements have nothing to do with your wound" is incorrect as protein supplements do play a significant role in supporting wound healing by providing the necessary nutrients for tissue repair. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the rationale behind specific treatments and interventions to provide holistic care to patients. By explaining the role of protein in wound healing to the client, the nurse can empower them to actively participate in their healing process and make informed decisions about their care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Assess the client's support system. When a client receives a new diagnosis of HIV, it is crucial for the nurse to first assess the client's support system. This intervention allows the nurse to understand the client's available resources, such as family, friends, or community services, which can help the client cope with the diagnosis and navigate the complexities of HIV management. Option A is incorrect because telling the family without the client's consent violates the client's right to confidentiality and autonomy. Option B may not address the client's immediate emotional needs and may not be the most appropriate intervention at this time. Option D, explaining legal requirements to tell sex partners, is premature without first assessing the client's emotional state and support system. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to prioritize client-centered care when supporting individuals with new diagnoses. Assessing the client's support system allows for tailored interventions that consider the client's emotional well-being, autonomy, and individual needs, ultimately promoting holistic and effective care delivery.