ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Morphine over dose is treated with_____
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morphine overdose is a medical emergency that can result in respiratory depression and potentially lead to death. Naloxone is a medication used to counteract the effects of opioids like morphine by binding to the same receptors in the brain and reversing the respiratory depression. Naloxone works quickly to restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on morphine. It is a critical intervention used to prevent fatal outcomes of opioid overdose, including morphine. Other options like Vitamin K, time, and grapefruit juice are not effective treatments for morphine overdose.
Question 2 of 5
The specificity of the adrenergic blocking agents allows the clinician to select a drug to do what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This specificity allows the clinician to select a drug that will have the desired therapeutic effects without the undesired effects that occur when the entire sympathetic nervous system is blocked. In general, however, the specificity of adrenergic blocking agents depends on the concentration of drug in the body. Most specificity is lost with higher serum drug levels. The nurse should understand the importance of drug specificity to ensure safe and effective administration.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following agents exerts its therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis via potassium channel blockade?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dalfampridine treats MS by blocking potassium channels in demyelinated axons, enhancing nerve conduction and improving walking ability. Exposed potassium channels in MS leak current, impairing signal propagation; dalfampridine's blockade restores function. Donepezil boosts acetylcholine for Alzheimer's. Riluzole reduces glutamate in ALS. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, manages Parkinson's. Dalfampridine's unique potassium channel action directly addresses MS's neurological deficit, supported by clinical evidence, making it the correct agent here.
Question 4 of 5
An overwhelmed nursing student asks the instructor whether there are any tips that will make learning pharmacology easier. The instructor gives an example of the anticoagulant heparin. The instructor indicates that knowing heparin and comparing other drugs to it will facilitate learning the many anticoagulants. Which approach is the instructor using?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The prototype approach uses a representative drug like heparin to learn a class (anticoagulants), comparing others to its traits-mechanism, effects, side effects-simplifying study. Mechanism of action is narrower. Generic or trade names focus on nomenclature, not learning strategy. Prototype leverages a familiar example, a proven method for mastering drug groups.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following 'overdoses' is most commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis, but when more severe a metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Overdose toxicities differ in acid-base effects. Methanol causes metabolic acidosis via formic acid, not respiratory alkalosis. Lead poisoning leads to anemia or neurologic issues, rarely acid-base shifts. Paracetamol overdose induces lactic acidosis from liver failure, not respiratory changes initially. Salicylate (e.g., aspirin) overdose stimulates the respiratory center early, causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis (low pCO2), but severe cases add metabolic acidosis (high anion gap) from uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and lactic acid buildup. Codeine, an opioid, depresses respiration, causing acidosis, not alkalosis. Salicylate's dual pattern is distinctive, requiring urgent recognition—initial alkalosis shifts to acidosis as toxicity worsens, guiding bicarbonate or dialysis treatment.