ATI RN
Advanced Pharmacology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Morphine over dose is treated with_____
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morphine overdose is a medical emergency that can result in respiratory depression and potentially lead to death. Naloxone is a medication used to counteract the effects of opioids like morphine by binding to the same receptors in the brain and reversing the respiratory depression. Naloxone works quickly to restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on morphine. It is a critical intervention used to prevent fatal outcomes of opioid overdose, including morphine. Other options like Vitamin K, time, and grapefruit juice are not effective treatments for morphine overdose.
Question 2 of 5
If you inject a drug with a pH of 6.5 and pka of 8.1 into a tissue with a pH of 7.4, to what extent would you expect this drug to be ionized in the tissue?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the concept of ionization of drugs is crucial for predicting their behavior in different body tissues. In this scenario, the drug with a pH of 6.5 and a pKa of 8.1 is a weak acid. When a weak acid is placed in a solution with a higher pH than its pKa, it tends to be more ionized because the environment is more basic than the drug itself. Therefore, when the drug is injected into tissue with a pH of 7.4 (higher than its pKa of 8.1), we can expect the drug to be predominantly in its ionized form. This is because in a basic environment, weak acids tend to ionize more readily. Option A, stating that the drug will be ionized over 50%, is correct as per the principles of acid-base chemistry and pharmacokinetics. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because in this scenario, the drug would not be 50% ionized, less than 50% ionized, or 100% ionized, respectively. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between the pH of a solution, the pKa of a drug, and its degree of ionization. It demonstrates how these factors influence drug behavior in different physiological environments, which is essential knowledge for pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals involved in medication administration.
Question 3 of 5
Acyclovir has been ordered for a patient with genital herpes. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acyclovir can cause nephrotoxicity, so monitoring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels is essential. Hypertension is not a common side effect of acyclovir. Intravenous acyclovir should be administered over at least 1 hour to prevent renal toxicity. Adequate fluid intake helps prevent crystalluria and nephrotoxicity.
Question 4 of 5
The specificity of the adrenergic blocking agents allows the clinician to select a drug to do what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This specificity allows the clinician to select a drug that will have the desired therapeutic effects without the undesired effects that occur when the entire sympathetic nervous system is blocked. In general, however, the specificity of adrenergic blocking agents depends on the concentration of drug in the body. Most specificity is lost with higher serum drug levels. The nurse should understand the importance of drug specificity to ensure safe and effective administration.
Question 5 of 5
Enteric coated acetylsalicylic acid has been prescribed for a patient to treat chronic arthritis. The patient calls the clinic nurse because of gagging and difficulty swallowing the tablets. What response would the nurse give to the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed or opened, as this disrupts their protective coating and can cause gastric irritation. The patient should be instructed to swallow the tablets whole with plenty of water or milk. Crushing (A) or opening the tablets (C) is inappropriate. Notifying the healthcare provider (B) may be necessary if the patient cannot tolerate the medication.