ATI RN
ATI Endocrine Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Morphine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: None of the above. Rationale: 1. Morphine is effective when given through various routes, not just subcutaneously. 2. The route of administration can affect the onset of action, with oral administration having a slower onset compared to intravenous. 3. Therefore, morphine is not only effective subcutaneously, can have varying effectiveness based on the route, and does not have a faster onset when administered orally. Summary: A is incorrect as morphine is effective through multiple routes. B is incorrect as the route of administration can impact effectiveness. C is incorrect as oral administration typically results in a slower onset of action.
Question 2 of 5
An unresponsive patient who was brought to the emergency department has been reportedly taking alprazolam for a severe anxiety disorder after the mother's death. Knowing this history, which drug would the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose, such as alprazolam. In this case, the patient's unresponsiveness is likely due to alprazolam overdose, so administering flumazenil would help reverse its effects. A: Mannitol is a diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure in conditions like cerebral edema. B: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. C: Activated charcoal is used to absorb ingested toxins in cases of poisoning, not for benzodiazepine overdose.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with signs of respiratory depression after self-injection with hydromorphone. The admitting nurse knows that which drug will reverse respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Naloxone. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that competitively blocks opioid receptors, reversing the effects of opioid overdose such as respiratory depression. It has a rapid onset of action and can quickly restore normal breathing. A: Fentanyl is an opioid agonist, and administering more opioids would worsen respiratory depression. C: Butorphanol is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, which may not be as effective in reversing respiratory depression compared to a pure antagonist like naloxone. D: Sufenta is an opioid agonist similar to fentanyl, so it would not reverse respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose.
Question 4 of 5
The cell and Coombs classification system categorizes allergic reactions and is useful in describing and classifying patient reactions to drugs. Type I reactions are immediate hypersensitivity reactions and are mediated by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: immunoglobulin E (IgE). IgE is responsible for mediating Type I immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as allergic reactions. IgE binds to allergens and triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells, leading to symptoms like hives and anaphylaxis. IgG (B), IgA (C), and IgM (D) are not typically involved in Type I allergic reactions. IgG is involved in Type II and Type III hypersensitivity reactions, IgA is related to mucosal immunity, and IgM is mainly involved in the primary immune response.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following cells most likely represent the main site of action of octreotide in a patient with acromegaly?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary somatotrophs. Octreotide is a somatostatin analog that inhibits the release of growth hormone. Somatotrophs in the pituitary gland are the cells responsible for producing and releasing growth hormone. By acting on these cells, octreotide can effectively reduce the elevated levels of growth hormone seen in acromegaly. Supraoptic neurons (A) are responsible for producing and releasing vasopressin, not growth hormone. Pituitary thyrotrophs (C) produce and release thyroid-stimulating hormone, not growth hormone. Paraventricular neurons (D) are involved in regulating oxytocin release, not growth hormone. Therefore, the main site of action of octreotide in acromegaly is on pituitary somatotrophs.