Morgan is a third-year nursing student in her psychiatric clinical rotation. She is assigned to an 80-year-old widow admitted for major depressive disorder. The patient describes many losses and sadness. Morgan becomes teary and says meaningfully, 'I am so sorry for you.' Morgan's instructor overhears the conversation and says, 'I understand that getting tearful is a human response. Yet, sympathy isn't helpful in this field:' The instructor urges Morgan to focus on:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Using empathy to demonstrate respect and validation of the patient's feelings. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another, without adopting them as your own. In this situation, Morgan should acknowledge the patient's emotions without becoming emotionally overwhelmed herself. Empathy helps build a therapeutic relationship, showing the patient that their feelings are valid and respected. A: Adopting the patient's sorrow as your own is not recommended as it can lead to burnout and boundary issues. B: Maintaining pure objectivity is important in healthcare, but complete detachment may hinder the therapeutic relationship. D: Using touch may not be appropriate without understanding the patient's comfort level and boundaries. Touch should be used cautiously in psychiatric settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assisting the patient in developing healthy coping mechanisms is essential in the initial phase of care for a patient with a history of substance abuse. This goal focuses on providing the patient with alternative ways to manage stress and triggers, which can help prevent relapse. It also empowers the patient to address underlying issues contributing to substance abuse. Choice B is incorrect because focusing solely on understanding long-term effects may not address the immediate needs of the patient. Choice C is incorrect as complete abstinence is a long-term goal and may not be realistic in the initial phase. Choice D is incorrect as promoting self-care is important but may not address the specific needs related to substance abuse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement indicates the patient is having thoughts about how others would be better off without them, which is a significant red flag for suicidal ideation. This statement reflects feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness. Incorrect choices: A: This statement reflects a sense of loss of identity but does not directly indicate suicidal ideation. B: This statement reflects anhedonia, or the inability to experience pleasure, which is a symptom of depression but not necessarily indicative of suicidal thoughts. D: Excessive crying can be a symptom of depression but does not specifically point towards suicidal ideation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The patient is displaying symptoms consistent with PTSD, including avoidance (avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the trauma), hyperarousal (being easily startled or on edge), and intrusive thoughts (recurring, distressing memories of the trauma). Major depressive disorder (A) involves persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, not specific to a traumatic event. Generalized anxiety disorder (C) involves excessive worry and anxiety about various events, not necessarily tied to a specific traumatic event. Bipolar disorder (D) involves mood swings between mania and depression, not specific to symptoms seen in PTSD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it promotes patient-centered care by acknowledging the patient's concerns and involving them in finding a solution. This approach fosters trust, improves adherence, and ensures the patient's well-being. Option A is incorrect as stopping medication abruptly can be dangerous. Option B may not always be true and can dismiss the patient's worries. Option D is incorrect as not all side effects are normal, and blindly continuing medication can be harmful.