More than 90% of patients with atopic dermatitis have colonization of lesional skin with Staphylococcus aureus, and uninvolved skin has colonization of more than

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition in children. Staphylococcus aureus colonization is frequently seen in patients with atopic dermatitis, with more than 90% of affected individuals having colonization of lesional skin. The correct answer, option D) 50%, refers to the colonization rate of uninvolved skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Option A) 5% is incorrect because the colonization rate is much higher in patients with atopic dermatitis. Option B) 15% is also incorrect as it underestimates the prevalence of colonization on uninvolved skin in these patients. Option C) 25% is closer but still lower than the actual colonization rate. Understanding the high colonization rates of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with atopic dermatitis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. It is important to educate patients and families on proper skin care, hygiene practices, and the management of atopic dermatitis to reduce the risk of infection and exacerbations of the condition. Nurses play a key role in providing education, support, and guidance to promote optimal skin health in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 7-year-old boy exhibiting separation anxiety, temper issues, and withdrawal from activities after his parents' divorce is D) Separation anxiety disorder. The correct answer, Separation anxiety disorder, is characterized by excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached. In this case, the boy's symptoms align with the hallmark features of this disorder following a significant life event like his parents' divorce. Option A) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are different from the boy's presentation. Option B) Conduct disorder involves a pattern of violating the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms, which does not align with the symptoms described for the boy. Option C) Major depressive disorder typically includes symptoms like persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite or sleep, which are not the primary symptoms exhibited by the boy in this scenario. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers working with children to be able to differentiate between various childhood behavioral and emotional disorders based on their unique presentations. Understanding the diagnostic criteria for each disorder is essential for effective assessment, intervention, and support for children experiencing mental health challenges. Identifying and addressing separation anxiety disorder in children can help in providing appropriate interventions to support their emotional well-being during challenging life transitions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In distinguishing between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis histologically, the presence of granulomata is a key feature that differentiates the two conditions. Granulomata are clusters of immune cells, typically macrophages, that form in response to chronic inflammation. In the context of Crohn's disease, granulomata are commonly found in the affected tissues, particularly in the submucosal layers. This feature is not typically seen in ulcerative colitis. Crypt abscesses, another option in the question, are more commonly associated with ulcerative colitis. These abscesses result from the accumulation of inflammatory cells within the crypts of the intestinal lining. Lymphocytic infiltrate, while a feature of both conditions, is not as specific a differentiator as granulomata. Paneth cells are specialized cells found in the small intestine and are not specific to either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In an educational context, understanding the histological features of inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. Recognizing these differences can aid in accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and monitoring of disease progression in pediatric patients. By emphasizing the significance of granulomata in Crohn's disease, nurses can contribute to improved patient outcomes through early detection and targeted interventions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) anaphylaxis to a wasp sting. Immunotherapy is a treatment that aims to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens. In the case of anaphylaxis to a wasp sting, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, immunotherapy may not provide sufficient symptomatic improvement or protection in the event of future stings. Option A, ragweed allergy, and option D, house dust mite allergy, are conditions where immunotherapy can be effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life by decreasing the body's allergic response to these allergens. Option B, a local reaction to a bee sting, is also a situation where immunotherapy can be beneficial in reducing the severity of future reactions to bee stings. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the limitations and effectiveness of different treatment modalities is crucial for providing safe and evidence-based care to children with allergies. Educating patients and their families about the appropriate use of immunotherapy and its potential outcomes is essential in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand strategies to minimize allergies, especially to common allergens like house dust mites. The correct answer, option D, which is keeping household humidity to less than 50%, is recommended as helpful in minimizing allergies to house dust mites for several reasons. House dust mites thrive in humid environments, so maintaining humidity levels below 50% helps to inhibit their growth and reduce allergen exposure. This measure is supported by research and guidelines from organizations like the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Option A, maximizing time spent in one room, is incorrect because dust mites are present throughout the house, not just in one room, so confining oneself to a single room does not effectively minimize exposure. Option B, washing bedding weekly in cold water, is a good practice to reduce dust mite allergens but may not be as effective as controlling humidity levels. Option C, installing new carpet, is not recommended as carpets can harbor dust mites and allergens, exacerbating allergies. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be knowledgeable about evidence-based strategies to manage allergies in children. Teaching caregivers about the impact of humidity on dust mite allergies and providing practical advice on maintaining optimal humidity levels can help improve children's quality of life and reduce allergy symptoms. Understanding the rationale behind each answer equips nurses with the knowledge to educate families effectively and implement holistic care strategies to support pediatric patients with allergies.