ATI RN
Pediatric Musculoskeletal Disorders NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
More than 60% of patients with congenital scoliosis have other associated abnormalities. Of the following, the MOST common one is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal anomalies are the most frequent associated abnormality in congenital scoliosis due to embryonic development overlap.
Question 2 of 5
A 12-year-old female experienced diarrhea, which lasted for 3 days, 2 weeks before manifesting progressive weakness and inability to walk. She has intermittent tingling of her fingers and toes. Physical examination reveals marked peripheral muscle weakness without atrophy or fasciculations. The deep tendon reflexes are absent in her ankles and 1+ at her knees. Findings on the sensory examination are normal. Motor involvement is symmetric. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized by a history of preceding infection (e.g., diarrhea), symmetric progressive weakness, areflexia, and sensory symptoms like tingling, without atrophy or fasciculations. Transverse myelitis typically involves sensory loss and asymmetric findings; polio causes asymmetric weakness with atrophy; myasthenia gravis features fatigable weakness without sensory symptoms; mononeuritis multiplex is focal and asymmetric.
Question 3 of 5
Matching: Absent deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polyneuropathy (e.g., Guillain-Barré) commonly causes absent deep tendon reflexes due to peripheral nerve involvement. Myopathy spares reflexes; neuromuscular junction defects (e.g., myasthenia) don't typically affect reflexes; upper motor neuron defects cause hyperreflexia.
Question 4 of 5
Matching: Cardiomegaly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease) causes cardiomegaly due to glycogen accumulation in the heart. Other conditions less commonly affect the heart this way.
Question 5 of 5
A 10-year-old female has had diplopia and ptosis and weakness of her neck flexors for 2 months. Symptoms are worse in the evening and are usually partially improved on awakening in the morning. She has no fasciculations or myalgias, and her deep tendon reflexes are 1-2+. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis causes fatigable weakness (worse in evening), ptosis, diplopia, and neck weakness, with preserved reflexes. Other options lack fatigability or ocular symptoms.