Monique is a 33-year-old administrative assistant who has had intermittent lower abdominal pain approximately one week a month for the past year. It is not related to her menses. She notes relief with defecation, and a change in form and frequency of her bowel movements with these episodes. Which of the following is most likely?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Monique's symptoms of lower abdominal pain relieved by defecation, and changes in bowel movements (form and frequency) without relation to menses are classic features of IBS. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Colon cancer (A) typically presents with more serious symptoms like rectal bleeding and unexplained weight loss. Cholecystitis (B) involves inflammation of the gallbladder, presenting with right upper quadrant pain. Inflammatory bowel disease (C) includes conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which present with symptoms such as bloody diarrhea and weight loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Giving the client thin liquids can be dangerous for someone with dysphagia as it can increase the risk of aspiration. Thickening liquids to the consistency of oatmeal helps prevent aspiration. Placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth can assist in swallowing. Allowing plenty of time for chewing and swallowing is important for safe eating.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Time of onset of current stroke. This is the priority nursing assessment because the effectiveness of t-PA administration is time-dependent, with a narrow window of 4.5 hours from symptom onset. Knowing the time of onset will help determine if the client is within the appropriate timeframe for t-PA administration, which can improve outcomes. A: Current medications - While important, knowing the time of onset is more critical for timely intervention in ischemic stroke. B: Complete physical and history - Important for overall assessment but not as time-sensitive as determining the stroke onset time. D: Upcoming surgical procedures - Not relevant for immediate management of ischemic stroke with t-PA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pinching the skin over the sternum. Skin turgor is the skin's ability to return to its normal position after being pinched or pulled. The sternum is a central, flat bone that is less affected by factors like age or body fat distribution compared to other areas like the hands or abdomen. Pinching the skin over the sternum provides a more accurate assessment of skin turgor. Pinching the skin over the dorsum of the hand (A) may not be as reliable due to variations in skin thickness and elasticity. Pinching the skin over the forehead (C) and abdomen (D) are not ideal locations for assessing skin turgor as they are not commonly used for this purpose in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: coulomb. Phase charge, which is the amount of electrical charge delivered during each phase of the waveform, is measured in coulombs. Coulomb is the standard unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It represents the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one ampere. Ampere (B) is the unit of electric current, ohm (C) is the unit of resistance, and second (D) is the unit of time. Therefore, coulomb is the appropriate unit for measuring phase charge in a monophasic waveform.