Mobius syndrome is characterized by the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mobius syndrome is a congenital condition involving cranial nerve deficits, typically VI (abducens) and VII (facial), leading to bilateral facial weakness and abducens paralysis , impairing eye abduction. Hypoplasia or agenesis of brainstem nuclei underlithese deficits. Feeding difficultiare common due to facial weakness affecting sucking/swallowing. However, mental retardation is not a consistent feature; most individuals have normal intelligence unless complicated by other factors. Thus, D is the exception and correct answer, as Mobius syndrome primarily affects motor cranial nervrather than cognitive function, distinguishing it from conditions with broader neurologic impact.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In simple febrile seizures, EEG is not routinely needed , spikduring drowsiness are common , and post-seizure EEGs may show slowing , all true. EEG helps classify epilepsy if present. However, an abnormal EEG donot reliably predict recurrence or epilepsy ; studishow it lacks specificity for prognosis in simple cases, making it the exception and correct answer. This reflects EEGs limited predictive value in febrile seizures, focusing its role on diagnosis rather than risk assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Epilepsy surgery targets focal, resectable lesions in refractory cases, such as cortical dysplasia , tuberous sclerosis , polymicrogyria , and Sturge-Weber syndrome , where identifiable epileptogenic zon(e.g., tubers, malformations) can be removed. Degenerative problems , like Alzheimers or metabolic encephalopathies, are diffuse, progressive, and lack focal targets, making surgery inappropriate. This distinction focal versus diffuse pathology makes D the exception and correct answer, as surgery requira localized seizure focus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: NF-1 causlearning disabiliti, seizur, precocious puberty , and scoliosis via neurofibromas, gliomas, or hormonal dysregulation. Cataracts are linked to NF-2 (via lens opacities), not NF-1, which affects optic gliomas or Lisch nodulinstead. This specificity NF-1s ocular featurversus NF-2s cataracts make B the exception and correct answer, reflecting distinct genetic and phenotypic profiles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Valproate is the first-line AED for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizurin children, per guidelin(e.g., ILAE), due to its broad-spectrum efficacy via sodium channel blockade and GABA enhancement. Phenytoin and carbamazepine target focal seizures, worsening some generalized types. Phenobarbital is sedating and less preferred, while topiramate is adjunctive. Valproatversatility and evidence base make D the correct answer over focal-specific or outdated options.