Minor risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizure include the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Minor risk factors for febrile seizure recurrence include age <1 year , family history of febrile seizur, male gender , and lower serum sodium , as these mildly elevate risk. Complex febrile seizure prolonged, focal, or multiple in 24 hours is a major risk factor, not minor, due to its stronger association with recurrence and epilepsy. This distinction is critical in clinical risk stratification: minor factors have subtler impacts, while complex seizursignal greater neurologic concern. Thus, A is the exception and correct answer, as it exceeds the scope of minor risk.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neuroimaging is indicated for headachwith red flags: abnormal neurologic exam , age <6 , or brief cough headache suggesting raised intracranial pressure, and migrainwithout family history . Afternoon headache is not a specific alarm sign; timing alone lacks diagnostic weight unless tied to other symptoms. Guidelin(e.g., AAP) prioritize objective or high-risk featurover temporal patterns, making B the exception and correct answer, as it donot independently warrant imaging.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: VHL, incidence ~1:36,000 , has ~50% de novo mutations , and featurspinal hemangioblastomas and pheochromocytomas . Renal carcinoma , not listed, is the most common cause of death, not pheochromocytoma, which is frequent but less lethal. Misinterpreting frequent for fatal makes D the intended exception and correct answer, aligning with VHLs mortality profile.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) featurheadache , papilledema , fatigue , and normal CSF (E is false). Stiff neck suggests meningitis or hemorrhage, not pseudotumor, which mimics tumor pressure without infection. This clinical differentiation pressure versus inflammation make B the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Benign familial megalencephaly is the most common anatomic megalencephaly cause, a non-syndromic, inherited large head size without neurologic deficits. Sotos , Simpson-Golabi-Behmel , fragile X , and Weaver are rarer syndromic causwith additional features. Bs frequency and benign nature make it the correct answer.