Minimal change Nephrotic Syndrome is characterized by all except

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) features generalized edema, hyperlipidemia, and ascites protein loss drives hypoalbuminemia/fluid shifts. Pulmonary edema isn't typical cardiac/volume overload, not MCNS hallmark. Edema is peripheral/ascitic hypoalbuminemia-driven. Hyperlipidemia compensates protein loss classic. Ascites reflects fluid shift common. Pulmonary exclusion distinguishes MCNS, key to its presentation, unlike cardiac overlap.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Absent cremasteric reflex is most reliable for testicular torsion lost ipsilateral reflex (stroke scrotum, no testis rise) signals torsion's nerve disruption. Prehn's (pain relief lifting) is inconsistent variable. Transverse lie suggests torsion less specific. Swelling/oedema/tenderness are late non-diagnostic alone. Reflex absence distinguishes it, critical for acute diagnosis, unlike pain, position, or swelling signs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Transition zone volume isn't a standard non-invasive ultrasound test for BOO requires MRI/TURP, invasive. Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), bladder wall thickness (hypertrophy), and bladder weight (mass) assess obstruction non-invasively correlate with pressure/flow. TZ volume's invasiveness distinguishes it, key to practical diagnostics, unlike ultrasound-based metrics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells secrete renin to regulate blood pressure, not the macula densa (senses NaCl), JG apparatus (collective structure), or cortical nephron (unit). This pinpoints renin's source, key for RAAS, contrasting with broader terms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glucose is fully reabsorbed in healthy kidneys, unlike magnesium, urea, and uric acid (excreted). This distinguishes normal urine composition, key for glycosuria detection, contrasting with waste products.