Millions of sensory receptors detect changes, called ________, which occur inside and outside the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sensory receptors detect changes, known as stimuli, which occur both inside and outside the body. These stimuli can include temperature, pressure, light, and chemical changes. Neurons are the cells that transmit these signals, while the skin is an organ that contains sensory receptors. Motor refers to the output of the nervous system, such as muscle movement. Stimuli is the correct answer as it refers to the changes detected by sensory receptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that carry signals toward the CNS, while efferent nerves are motor nerves that carry signals away from the CNS. Motor nerves and sensory nerves are not interchangeable terms, making D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cerebellar function is assessed by testing coordination, balance, and fine motor skills. Asking the patient to hop on one foot evaluates their balance and coordination, which are controlled by the cerebellum. Muscle size and strength, cranial nerve examination, and the spinothalamic tract are not specific to cerebellar function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Compression of the C5 and C6 nerve roots affects the biceps reflex. The brachioradialis, triceps, and patellar reflexes are controlled by different nerve roots (C6, C7, and L2-L4, respectively). A diminished biceps reflex indicates a lesion at C5-C6.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neurons form synapses with other neurons to create complex neural circuits. These synapses differ from neuromuscular junctions in their structure and function, often involving specialized cell-cell adhesion molecules and signaling mechanisms that enable precise communication between neurons.