ATI RN
Microbiology Chapter 1 Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Microscopical examination of discharges from the gums of a patient ill with paradontosis revealed some protozoan pear-shaped organisms 6-13 micrometer long. The parasite has one nucleus and undulating membrane, there are four flagella at the front of its body. What protozoan were found?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trichomonads. Trichomonads are pear-shaped protozoa, typically 6-13 micrometers long, with one nucleus, undulating membrane, and four flagella at the front. These characteristics match the description provided in the question. Trichomonads are commonly found in oral cavities and can cause gum infections like periodontosis. Summary: - B: Leishmania - Leishmania is a flagellated protozoan responsible for Leishmaniasis, not typically found in the oral cavity. - C: Amoebae - Amoebae are not pear-shaped and do not have the specific characteristics described in the question. - D: Balantidia - Balantidia are ciliated protozoa, not flagellated like trichomonads, and are not typically associated with gum infections.
Question 2 of 5
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15 years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Brill's disease. Brill's disease is a relapse of typhus that occurs in patients who had typhus in their youth. The patient's history of having typhus at 15 years old is a key indicator. Brill's disease is characterized by symptoms such as rash, fever, and dizziness, which align with the patient's current presentation. Summary of other choices: B: Typhoid fever - While typhoid fever may present with similar symptoms to typhus, the patient's history of having typhus in the past makes this less likely. C: Measles - Measles does not typically present with dizziness, and the patient's history of typhus in the past is more indicative of Brill's disease. D: Rubella - Rubella does not typically cause dizziness, and the patient's history of typhus in the past points more towards Brill's disease.
Question 3 of 5
From urine of a 14-year-old boy with the exacerbation of secondary obstructive pyelonephritis Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated with a titer of 1000000 microbes per 1 ml. Which antibiotic is most advisable to be administered in this case?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly resistant to Ampicillin, Cefazolinum, and Azithromycin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known for its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its broad spectrum and ability to penetrate tissues make it the most advisable choice for treating secondary obstructive pyelonephritis caused by this pathogen.
Question 4 of 5
A 3 m.o. baby has white film on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. A doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be applied for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer A (Sabouraud's) is correct: 1. Sabouraud's agar is a selective medium for fungi. 2. Candida is a type of fungus causing candidosis. 3. Sabouraud's agar promotes fungal growth. 4. Candida will grow on Sabouraud's agar, confirming the diagnosis. 5. Other choices are for bacterial culture, not suitable for fungal growth. Summary: - Endo, Jensen's, and Roux are not appropriate for fungal culture. - Sabouraud's agar specifically supports fungal growth, making it the correct choice for confirming candidosis.
Question 5 of 5
During the regular sanitary epidemiological inspection of a pharmacy, the bacteriological analysis of air was performed. The air was found to have bacilli, yeast fungi, hemolytic streptococci, micrococci. Which of the detected microorganisms indicate the direct epidemic danger?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Haemolytic streptococci. Hemolytic streptococci are known to cause serious infections in humans, including strep throat and skin infections. These bacteria have the potential to spread rapidly and cause epidemics. Bacilli are a broad category of bacteria and not all are necessarily harmful. Micrococci are commonly found on human skin and are generally harmless. Yeast fungi are also commonly found in the environment and are not typically associated with causing epidemics. Therefore, the presence of hemolytic streptococci in the air of a pharmacy indicates a direct epidemic danger due to their pathogenic nature and potential to cause widespread infections.