Metronidazole is effective in the treatment of ____ (select all that apply)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metronidazole is effective in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis due to its specific mechanism of action against Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of this sexually transmitted infection. Metronidazole works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite, leading to its death. This specificity makes it a first-line treatment for trichomoniasis. Giardiasis, amebiasis, and bacterial vaginosis are caused by different pathogens that metronidazole does not target. Giardiasis is caused by Giardia intestinalis, amebiasis by Entamoeba histolytica, and bacterial vaginosis by an imbalance in vaginal flora, usually involving Gardnerella vaginalis. Metronidazole is not effective against these organisms, making options B, C, and D incorrect. In an educational context, understanding the specific mechanisms and spectrum of activity of pharmacological agents is crucial for effective clinical decision-making. Students need to grasp the rationale behind choosing a particular drug for a specific infection based on its mechanism of action and microbial target to ensure successful treatment outcomes and prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 400 milligrams. This question tests the knowledge of medication dosage calculations, specifically converting grams to milligrams. In this case, we are given 5 grams of aspirin and asked to determine how many milligrams that is. To convert grams to milligrams, we need to remember that 1 gram is equal to 1000 milligrams. So, 5 grams of aspirin is equal to 5 x 1000 = 5000 milligrams. Therefore, a 5-gram tablet of aspirin contains 5000 milligrams, making option C) 400 milligrams the correct answer. Option A) 200 milligrams is incorrect because it is too low for a 5-gram tablet of aspirin. Option B) 300 milligrams is also too low. Option D) 600 milligrams is too high for a 5-gram tablet of aspirin. Understanding medication dosage calculations is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure safe and accurate administration of medications to patients. This question emphasizes the importance of converting between different units of measurement to determine the correct dosage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Zanamivir is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza, not herpes simplex virus or hepatitis B. Varicella-zoster virus is the cause of chickenpox and shingles, which are treated with other antivirals like acyclovir. This question seems to have an error, as zanamivir is not used for any of the listed conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The therapeutic and adverse effects associated with these drugs are related to their adrenergic-receptor-site specificity; that is, the ability to react with specific adrenergic receptor sites without activating them, thus preventing the typical manifestations of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. By occupying the adrenergic receptor site, they prevent norepinephrine released from the nerve terminal or from the adrenal medulla from activating the receptor, thus blocking the SNS effects. The nurse should understand the mechanism of action of adrenergic blocking agents to ensure safe and effective administration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Drowsiness is a common side effect of oxycodone, an opioid analgesic. Patients should be advised to avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving, while taking this medication. Paresthesia (A), increased intracranial pressure (B), and occipital headache (C) are not typical side effects of oxycodone.